Linguistic + Literary Devices

Question 1

Adjacency Pairs

Answer 1

The term in a conversation for the two halves of an interaction between speakers, the first turn and the response

Question 2

Adjacency pair example

Answer 2

Leno: “Happy birthday to you”
Obama: “Thank you”

Question 3

Colloquial Language

Answer 3

Informal, everyday language typically used when speaking

Question 4

Example of colloquial language

Answer 4

When i lived in Peru
“Cheers”

Question 5

Dominant Speaker

Answer 5

The person who is in control of a conversation

Question 6

Example of a dominant speaker

Answer 6

The King’s Speech
Lionel is the dominant speaker in the latter part of the conversation

Question 7

Direct Speech

Answer 7

The exact words uttered by a speaker, presented with quotation marks

Question 8

Example of direct speech

Answer 8

Diana/Bashir
“people say to me..’Diana’s out to destroy the monarchy’, which has bewildered me

Question 9

Discourse Marker

Answer 9

-Words or phrases that marks the divisions between the parts of a communication
-In a screenplay or a script a discourse marker can often be a visual change of scenery or an audio change of scene

Question 10

Example of a discourse marker

Answer 10

JFK Speech
“Finally, to those nations”

Question 11

Elision

Answer 11

The omission of syllables or words when speaking

Question 12

Example of Elision

Answer 12

King’s Speech
“know any jokes”

Question 13

Hedge

Answer 13

A word or phrase in speech that softens the force with which something is said

Question 14

Example of hedging

Answer 14

Past Masters Podcast
“Well,sort of, but not”

Question 15

Idiolect

Answer 15

The term for an individual’s language or speech patterns

Question 16

Example of idiolect

Answer 16

Tim Collins
Through his use of imperatives and specialist lexis it is clear that Tim Collins’ idiolect is typical of someone with a military background

Question 17

Imperative

Answer 17

A grammatical form conventionally expressing an order

Question 18

Example of Imperative

Answer 18

Tim Collins
“Don’t treat them as refugees”

Question 19

Monologue

Answer 19

A discourse of one speaker, ranging from a person alone speaking to themselves, to one person addressing a large audience

Question 20

Example of a monologue

Answer 20

When i lived in Peru
The scene begins with a monologue from Martin

Question 21

Non-fluency features

Answer 21

Aspects of spontaneous speech such as false starts, fillers and hesitations, that indicate it as unplanned

Question 22

Example of non-fluency features

Answer 22

Past Masters Podcast
“Oh. Okay. World War ll.”

Question 23

Overlapping

Answer 23

Where one speaker starts before the previous speaker has finished

Question 24

Example of overlapping

Answer 24

Obama/Leno
Leno: Yes, you can’t even-
Obama: You can’t even go out that far

Question 25

Prosodic Features

Answer 25

The way that a speaker communicates: volume, pitch, tone, pace and stress

Question 26

Example of Prosodic features

Answer 26

JFK Kennedy uses balanced clauses in his speech such as 'whom we welcome..we pledge our world...we shall not always expect' through the use of the prosodic technique and the anaphoric use of personal pronouns 'we', he is persuading the audience that he is in the same position as them and conveying his overarching theme of 'unity'

Question 27

Tag Question

Answer 27

A short interrogative structure attached to a declarative

Question 28

Example of a tag question

Answer 28

When i lived in Peru "You've been here for ten years now, right?"

Question 29

Term of address

Answer 29

The manner in which someone refers to another, reflecting the nature of their relationship

Question 30

Example of term of address

Answer 30

Leno/Obama "Welcome the President of the United States- Barack Obama Welcome back, sir"

Question 31

Turn Taking

Answer 31

The ways speakers manage to exchange turns in a conversation without speaking at the same time or leaving awkward pauses

Question 32

Examples of turn taking

Answer 32

Diana and Bashir Meeting the generic conventions of a formal interview