Linguistics Reminder (LR)

Question 1

What are the distinctive features for consonants?

Answer 1

Place of Articulation
Manner of Articulation
Voice (Voiced/Voiceless)

Question 2

(LR) What is the place of articulation for /d/

Answer 2

Alveolar

Question 3

(LR) What is the manner of articulation for /v/?

Answer 3

Fricative

Question 4

(LR) Name all voiceless consonants:

Answer 4

/p/. /t/. /k/. /f/. /θ/. /s/. /ʃ/. /ʧ/. /h/

Question 5

(LR) Name all labiodental consonants and an example word for each consonant

Answer 5

/f/ (e.g. fun, face, firmament)
/v/ (e.g. vase, vain, vogue)

Question 6

(LR) Name all dental consonants and an example word for each consonant

Answer 6

/θ/ (e.g. thin, think, thick → sharp th)
/ð/ (e.g. then, there, this → soft th)

Question 7

(LR) Name all glottal consonants and an example word for each consonant

Answer 7

/h/ (e.g. height, hello, help)

Question 8

(LR) What is the place and manner of articulation for the phonem /h/? Is it voiced or voiceless?

Answer 8

Glottal, fricative, voiceless

Question 9

(LR) What is the place and manner of articulation for the phonem /dʒ/? Is it voiced or voiceless?

Answer 9

Postalveolar, affricate and voiced

Question 10

(LR) Name the consonants fitting these descriptions:
Plosive, velar, voiceless
Lateral, alveolar, voiced

Answer 10

/k/
/l/

Question 11

(LR) Name all affricate consonants and an example word for each consonant

Answer 11

/tʃ/ (e.g. child, chair, cheese → sharp ch sound)
/dʒ/ (e.g. bridge, judge, touch → softer ch sound)

Question 12

(LR) Name all lateral consonants plus example word

Answer 12

/l/ (e.g. light, lie, long)

Question 13

(LR) Name all palatal consonants plus example word

Answer 13

/j/ (e.g. yes, yellow, yard, young)

Question 14

(LR) What is the difference between manner of articulation and place of articulation?

Answer 14

Manner describes where the airstream is obstructed and place how the airstream is modified by three vocal tract

Question 15

(LR) Which three distinctive features are necessary to describe and classify English monophthongs?

Answer 15

Openness of mouth, Position of the tongue, Length/Duration/Quantity

Question 16

(LR) What are the two rules for the occurrence of the allophone: clear l

Answer 16

Before vowel, before /j/

Question 17

(LR) What are the two rules for the occurrence of the allophone: dark l

Answer 17

Before consonant, at the end of a word

Question 18

(LR) What are allophones?

Answer 18

Different realisations of one phonem.

Question 19

(LR) What is meant by phonological conditioning in the context of allophones?

Answer 19

Predictability of allophones → rules

Question 20

(LR) What is meant by complementary distribution in the context of allophones?

Answer 20

Where one is, the other can’t be.

Question 21

(LR) Name the 5 long monophthongs and an example word

Answer 21

/iː/ seed
/ɜː/ bird
/uː/ food
/ɔː/ law
/ɒː/ father

Question 22

(LR) Name the 7 short monophthongs and an example word

Answer 22

/ɪ/ sit
/e/ pet
/æ/ sat
/ʌ/ some
/ə/ brother
/ʊ/ foot
/ɒ/ dog

Question 23

(LR) Name all approximant consonants together with their place of articulation

Answer 23

/w/ bilabial
/r/ postalveolar
/j/ palatal
(All of them are voiced)

Question 24

(LR) Please identify the distinctive features of the consonant /r/

Answer 24

Voiced, postalveolar, approximant

Question 25

(LR) Give the phonemic transcription of the vowel in the example word below. car

Answer 25

/ɑː/

Question 26

(LR) Give the phonemic transcription of the vowel in the example word below. boy

Answer 26

/ɔɪ/

Question 27

(LR) Which consonant is described by the following distinctive features: voiceless, labiodental, fricative

Answer 27

/f/

Question 28

(LR) Which consonant is described by the following distinctive features: voiceless, bilabial, plosive

Answer 28

/p/

Question 29

(LR) What is the correct allophone of [l] and rule for distribution: villian

Answer 29

Clear l, before vowel

Question 30

(LR) Give the phonemic transcription of the vowel in the example word below. back

Answer 30

/æ/

Question 31

(LR) Please identify the distinctive features of the following consonant: /θ/

Answer 31

Voiceless, dental, fricative

Question 32

(LR) Please identify the distinctive features of the following consonant: /dʒ/

Answer 32

Voiced, postalveolar, affricate

Question 33

(LR) Please identify the distinctive features of the following consonant: /f/

Answer 33

Voiceless, fricative, labiodental

Question 34

(LR) In connected speech, sounds adapt to neighboring sounds in terms of their articulatory features. This happens for example in the word handbag. In this case, we refer to it as…

Answer 34

Assimilation

Question 35

(LR) Give the phonemic transcription of the vowel in the example word below. time

Answer 35

The correct answer is: /aɪ/

Question 36

(LR) Name all characteristics for vowels

Answer 36

they are articulated without any obstruction of the airstream in the vocal tract, they are harmonic vibrations; they do not contain a noise component, they can be the centre of a syllable

Question 37

(LR) Give the phonemic transcription of the vowel in the example word below. run

Answer 37

The correct answer is: /ʌ/

Question 38

(LR) Which consonants are described by the following distinctive features: voiced velar nasal

Answer 38

/ŋ/ (like in king)

Question 39

(LR) Which consonants are described by the following distinctive features: voiceless alveolar fricative

Answer 39

/s/

Question 40

(LR) Which consonants are described by the following distinctive features: voiced alveolar lateral

Answer 40

/l/

Question 41

(LR) Which consonants are described by the following distinctive features: voiceless postalveolar fricative

Answer 41

/ʃ/

Question 42

(LR) Give the phonemic transcription of the vowel in the example word below. foot

Answer 42

/ʊ/

Question 43

(LR) Please identify the distinctive features of the following consonant: /tʃ/

Answer 43

Voicing: voiceless Place of articulation: postalveolar Manner of articulation: affricate

Question 44

(LR) Which of the following are closing diphthongs A) /aɪ/ B) /əʊ/ C) /aʊ/ D) /eɪ/ E) /ʊə/ F) /ɔɪ/ G) /eə/ I) /ɪə/

Answer 44

A, B, C, D, F

Question 45

(LR) Please identify the distinctive features of the following consonant: /k/

Answer 45

Voicing: voiceless Place of articulation: velar Manner of articulation: plosive