Linte Basta Kung Ano Nalang Da Ara Sa Module Ah

Question 1

• Continuously varying characters are called quantitative characters or metric characters (Example: economically important traits such as height, weight, milk yield, wool yield, egg production etc.) and variation in them is called quantitative variation or continuous variations.
• These traits are controlled by multiple genes, each segregating according to Mendel’s laws.

Answer 1

QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

Question 2

What is present, the phenotypic variance is increased by twice the covariance of genotypic values and environmental deviations and equation becomes VP = VG + VE + 2 covGE? This correlation is best regarded as part of the genetic variance (VG).

Answer 2

genotype environmental correlation

Question 3

If the ranking order of two (or more) genotypes varies from environment to environment in which they are conducted then there is? It is defined as the relative change in the performance of two or more genotypes in two or more environments.

Answer 3

G × E interaction

Question 4

• Standard usage in population genetics uses the term ? for what is actually allele frequency.
• This frequency is the proportion of one allele relative to all alleles at the locus in the population.
• This frequency is usually expressed as a proportion or a percentage.

Answer 4

gene frequency

Question 5

They developed a theory on genetic equilibrium.
Their idea:
Allele and genotype frequencies in a population stay constant unless affected by an evolutionary force.
This concept became known as the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE).

Answer 5

Godfrey Hardy (mathematician) and Wilhelm Weinberg (physician)

Question 6

Godfrey Hardy (mathematician) and Wilhelm Weinberg (physician) developed a theory on genetic equilibrium.
Their idea:
Allele and genotype frequencies in a population stay constant unless affected by an evolutionary force.
This concept became known as the?

Answer 6

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)

Question 7

What assumption on HWE where the color of the fur gives no survival/reproductive advantage?

Answer 7

No selection

Question 8

What assumption on HWE where all genes are passed on unchanged?

Answer 8

No mutation

Question 9

What assumption on HWE where none of any species enter or leave the population?

Answer 9

No migration

Question 10

What assumption on HWE where small populations can face genetic drift?

Answer 10

Large population

Question 11

What assumption on HWE where animals mate randomly, not by fur color or preference?

Answer 11

Random mating

Question 12

What is a baseline that helps us compare real, evolving populations to a non-evolving model?

Answer 12

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)

Question 13

What equation of Hardy-Weinberg Law identifies the allele frequency in a population?

Answer 13

p+q=1

Question 14

What equation of Hardy-Weinberg Law identifies the genotype frequency in a population?

Answer 14

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 15

What misconceptions in HWE where some people thought that this trait is the most common?

Answer 15

Dominant

Question 15

What misconceptions in HWE where p and q dont have to be exactly?

Answer 15

50/50

Question 16

What environment that is shared with others during the common environment development of an animal and that, therefore, is expected to have the same influence on the devlopment of all animals that share a commen environment. The quality of an environment may have irreversible consequences if experienced during devolpment

Answer 16

Common environment

Question 17

When the genotypes of the parents are known, you know what genotypes you may expect in the offspring. These expectations are based on the Mendelian laws, but due to random effects, the real world may deviate from the expectations. E.g. when you mate two parent dogs, one with the genotype Z/Z and the other with Z/z you will get offspring where on average 50 % has the genotype Z/Z and 50 % the genotype Z/z. But in a litter of 4 you even may get 4 puppies with Z/Z and 0 with Z/z. The reason is that by the creation of an embryo each time the chance for the genotype Z/Z is as large as for the Z/z genotype (each 50 %). This is a consequence of what sampling?

Answer 17

Mendelian sampling

Question 18

What is the scientific study of the mechanism of heredity and variation?

Answer 18

Genetics

Question 19

Who introduced the term “genetics” (from the Greek word genno: to give birth) to describe the study of inheritance and the science of variation in a personal letter to Alan Sedgwick, dated April 18, 1905.

Answer 19

William Bateson

Question 20

The terms gene, phenotype and genotype were coined by the Danish botanist named ? and first used from 1909

Answer 20

Wilhelm Johannsen

Question 21

What is the process by which a living organism produces a new organism with many of the same traits as itself?

Answer 21

Biological inheritance

Question 22

What is a specific and identifiable sequence of DNA?

Answer 22

Genetic marker

Question 23

Sometimes a genetic marker is an allele of a gene producing a protein. It is called a ? that affects directly the function of the protein.

Answer 23

functional marker

Question 24

What action in population to identify superior individuals can be very helpful in establishing a central nucleus, where genetic improvement can be further generated by selection based on measured production?

Answer 24

Screening

Question 25

the molecule that forms the genetic code.

Answer 25

DNA

Question 26

The phenomenon of two or more genes governing the development of a single character in such a way that they affect the expressions of each other in various ways is known as?

Answer 26

Gene Interaction

Question 27

The second application of a genetic marker is the tracing of alleles with a favourable effect in?

Answer 27

marker-assisted selection

Question 28

A degree in the performance of inbred mostly in traits like fertility, survivability and reduction in overall performance noticed in inbred is called?

Answer 28

inbreeding depression