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Biochem Finals > Lipid Metab -1a > Flashcards

Lipid Metab -1a Flashcards

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0
Q

Factors involvd in fat digestion

A

Lipases

Bile acids & bile salts

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1
Q

Most abundant lipid in our diet

A

TAG

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2
Q

Most important lipase

A

Pancreatic lipase

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3
Q

Lingual lipase

A

ebner’s gland

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4
Q

Primary bile acids

A

Cholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

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5
Q

Secondary bile acids

A

Deoxycholic acid

Lithocholic acid

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6
Q

Emulsifying agents

A

Bile acids/salts

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7
Q

Primary bile acids are synthesized from

A

Cholesterol

Formed in the liver

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8
Q

Secondary bile acids are synthesized from?

A

1* bile acids

Formed in the intestines

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9
Q

Bile salts are synthesized from

A

Bile acids + glycine + taurine

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10
Q

Bile acids/salts are conserved through

A

Enterohepatic circulation

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11
Q

Aka steapsin

A

Pancreatic lipase

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12
Q

Requires colipase for optimum activity

A

Pancreatic lipase

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13
Q

Protein found in pancreatic secretion

A

Colipase

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14
Q

Steapsin is specific for hydrolysis of ——-

A

1* ester linkages (sn-1 & sn-3 of TAG)

Steapsin cannot hydrolyze 2* ester bond in sn-2 of TAG

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15
Q

End products of fat digestion

A

2-monoacylglycerols & FA

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16
Q

Short- & medium- chain FA are absorbed by the ——-

A

Portal circulation (liver)

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17
Q

Used to resynthesize TAGs in the intestinal walls

A

Long-chain FA and 2-monoacylglycerols

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18
Q

——- + TAGS/other lipids = chylomicrons

A

Apoproteins

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19
Q

Chylomicron absorption

A

Lymphatic circulation ( systemic )

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20
Q

Happens due to impaired fat absorption/digestion

A

Steatorrhea

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21
Q

There is an increase amt of un/digested fat in the feces

A

Steatorrhea

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22
Q

Types of steatorrhea

A
  1. Deficiency of bile
  2. Deficiency of pancreatic juice
  3. Abnormal intestinal mucosa
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23
Q

due to obstruction in the bile duct

A

Deficiency of bile

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24
Clay-colored stool
Deficiency of bile
25
Due to chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma
Deficiency of pancreatic juices
26
May be due to celiac disease
Abnormal intestinal mucosa
27
Biosynthesis of FA
Lipogenesis
28
Types of lipogenic pathways
Extramitochondrial - cytosol Microsomal - ER Mitochondrial All involve reduction-dehydration-reduction
29
General principle of lipogenesis
Add 2 C atoms per cycle
30
De Novo/ Lynen's Cycle
Extramitochondrial
31
Substrate of extramitochondrial pathway
acetyl CoA
32
Extramitochondrial - end product
Palmitic acid
33
Extramitochondrial/microsomal - 2C donor
Malonyl CoA
34
Uses acyl carrier protein
Extramitochondrial
35
Elongation
Microsomal/Mitochondrial
36
Microsomal/mitochondrial substrate
Medium, long chain FA
37
Microsomal/mitochondrial end products
Longer chain FA
38
Mitochondrial 2C donor
Acetyl CoA
39
Uses coenzyme A to anchor FAs
Mitochondrial/microsomal
40
Rate limiting/ committed step in Extramitochondrial lipogenesis
Conversion of AcetylCoA to MalonylCoA
41
Rate limiting enzyme in extramitochondrial lipogenesis
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
42
Prosthetic group of Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Biotin
43
Inhibits Acetyl CoA carboxylase thru negative feedback mech
Palmitic acid
44
A protein in raw egg white, that inhibits the committed step by binding to and removing biotin
Avidin
45
TAG synthesis takes place where
SER
46
Organs/tissues active in TAG synth
1. Adipose Tissue 2. Liver 3. Intestines 4. Skeletal muscle
47
Activated FA
Fatty acyl CoA
48
Enzyme in rxn 1 of tag synthesis
Thiokinase
49
Product in rxn 1 of TAG synthesis
Fatty acyl CoA | R-COSCoA
50
Co Substrate? In TAG synthesis rxn 1
ATP | CoASH?
51
Substrate in TAG synth rxn 1
Fatty acids | R-COOH
52
Substrate in rxn2 TAG synthesis
Glycerol
53
Enzyme in rxn2 TAG synthesis
Glycerokinase
54
Product in rxn2 TAG synthesis
Glycerol 3-PO4
55
Enzymes in TAG synthesis
``` Thiokinase Glycerokinase Acyl transferase Phosphatase Acyl transferase ```
56
1 glycerol 3-PO4 + 2 fatty acyl CoA = ? | TAG synthesis
Phosphatidic acid
57
TAG Synthesis substrates/products
``` Fatty acid Glycerol 1 glycerol 3-PO4 + 2 fatty acyl coa Phosphatidic acid 1,2 diacylglycerol TAG ```
58
Co substrates? In TAG synthesis
ATP Pi Fatty acyl coa
59
Two intermediate metabolites in TAG synthesis that can be used to synthesize phosphoglygerides
Phosphatidic acid - for de novo synth of phosphoglycerides | 1,2 diacylglycero - for salvage pathway
60
Enzymes in de novo synth of phosphoglycerides
CDP-DG synthase Serine Decarboxylase N-methyltransferase
61
Products/substrates in de novo synth of phosphoglycerides
``` Phosphatidic acid CDP-diacylglycerol Phosphatidyl serine Phosphatidyl ethanolamine Phosphatidyl choline ```
62
Co substrates? In de novo synth of phosphoglycerides
CTP CO2 3 S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
63
Long chain saturated FA + lysophosphoglyceride
PL-A1
64
Unsat FA + lysophosphoglyceride
PL-A2
65
Cleaves the ester linkages in C-1 or C-2 of lysophosphoglycerides
PL-B
66
1,2 DAG + phosphorylated side chain
PL-C
67
Phosphatidic acid + free side chain
PL-D
68
Released by the action of PL A2
Arachidonic acid
69
Arachidonic acid is released from the ----------------- and moved into the -------
Cell membrane, SER
70
In the SER, arachidonic acid is acted upon by:
1. Cyclooxygenase | 2. Lipoxygenase
71
Produces prostaglandin, thromboxane & prostacyclin
Cyclooxygenase
72
Cyclooxygenase produces
Prostaglandin Thromboxane Prostacyclin (series 2)
73
Produces leukotrienes
Lipoxygenase
74
PL A2 is inhibited by
Cortisol and steroids
75
2nd messengers of hormones are produced by
PL C
76
Most common substrate acted upon by PL C
PIP2 | Phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
77
TAG is synthesized from
Acyl-CoA, and glycerol 3-phosphate
78
Second messengers whc stimulate the release of Ca from the SER
1,2- DAG | inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
79
Glycerokinase in adipose and skeletal muscle
Low to absent
80
Source of glycerol 3-phosphate in adipose and skeletal muscle
dihydroacetone PO4
81
Dihydroacetone is reduced to
glycerol 3-PO4

Biochem Finals (11 decks)

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