Lipids

Question 1

transports exogenous dietary fat from intestines to tissues?

Answer 1

Chylomicrons

Question 2

Transport endogenous triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver to the tissues.

Answer 2

VLDL and LDL

Question 3

Transport endogenous cholesterol from the tissues to the liver.

Answer 3

HDL

Question 4

What catalyzes the hydrolysis of TG’s at position 1 and 3 to form free fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerol.

Answer 4

Pancreatic lipase-colipase

Question 5

2 sources of NADPH in the Cytosol?

Answer 5

Malic enzyme and Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 6

3 comp to fatty acid synthesis

Answer 6

1. NADPH which is reducing power
2. Malonyl-coa (building block to make fatty acids)
3. FAS-1 enzyme

Question 7

what is the intermediate in triglyceride biosynthesis?

Answer 7

Phosphatidic acid

Question 8

Where are triglycerides synthesized for excretion?

Answer 8

intestine and liver

Question 9

What converts the fatty acyl groups into their acylcarnitine analogues?

Answer 9

CPT 1

Question 10

What transfers the fatty acyl group back to Coa?

Answer 10

CPT 2

Question 11

The final round of B-oxidation of FA’s yields _____ and ______

Answer 11

Acetyl coa and propionyl CoA which is converted to succinylcholine CoA

Question 12

is the first intermediate in the biosynthesis of palmitate from acetyl CoA.

Answer 12

Melonyl CoA

Question 13

What inhibits CPT1 and entry of fatty acids into the mitochondria

Answer 13

Malonyl CoA

Question 14

What is the first ketone body to be synthesized that is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol ?

Answer 14

Acetoacetate

Question 15

What is the urea cycle enzyme that is the regulated rate limiting step?

Answer 15

CPS1 - Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1

Question 16

___ is caused by an inherited defect in DBAAT

Answer 16

Cystinuria

Question 17

Na+- dependent or proton dependent cotransporters are?

Answer 17

Specific amino acid transporters

Question 18

Na+- independent transporter of neutral amino acids are?

Answer 18

L-amino acid transporter

Question 19

High urine concentration of what AA’s are found in Cystinuria?

Answer 19

Lysine
Arginine
Cysteine
Ornitine

Question 20

What are the precursors of heme?

Answer 20

Glycine and succinylcholine CoA

Question 21

What are the biosynthetic precursors of poryphyrins called?

Answer 21

Porphyrinogens

Question 22

___ diseass caused by an inherited defect in NAAT

Answer 22

Hartnup disease

Question 23

What is the key regulator of the urea cycle?

Answer 23

N-acetylglutamate (NAG)

Question 24

Mitochondrial NAG synthase makes NAG from ____ and ____

Answer 24

Glutamate and acetlyCoa

Question 25

inducible enzyme expressed in response to an inflammatory stimuli. Mediates pain, redness, and swelling of inflammation

Answer 25

COX 2

Question 26

What is the rate limiting step in keto genesis?

Answer 26

HMG-coA synthase

Question 27

Which Glut crosses BBB?

Answer 27

Glut 1

Question 28

3 precursors to gluconeogenesis?

Answer 28

Glycerol, lactic acid, amino acids (usually serine)

Question 29

How do you DX type 1 DM?

Answer 29

Fasting Blood glucose > 126 mg/Dl | HGA1C > 6.5 mg/Dl

Question 30

Name 3 sign and symptoms of Metabolic syndrome?

Answer 30

Insulin resistance Hyperinsulinemia Dyslipidemia HTN

Question 31

Rate limiting step in de novo cholesterol biosynthesis

Answer 31

HMG-COA reductase

Question 32

3 ways HMG-CoA reductase can be regulated

Answer 32

1. Phosphorylation/ dephospho rylation 2. SREBP- mediated transcription 3. Proteosomal degradation

Question 33

what is the enzyme that phosphorylates ACC and HMGcoA reductase

Answer 33

AMPK

Question 34

What is the intermediate that is the precursor of dolichol and coenzyme Q synthesis?

Answer 34

Farnesyl pyrophosphate

Question 35

What are the 2 nitrogen sources in the urea cycle?

Answer 35

Carbomyl phosphate and Aspartate

Question 36

What is the allosteric activator of CPS-1 in urea cycle?

Answer 36

NAG

Question 37

What is the rate limiting step in heme biosynthesis?

Answer 37

ALA synthesis

Question 38

ALAS1 in heme biosynthesis is inhibited by?

Answer 38

Heme

Question 39

Alas 2 in heme biosynthesis is inhibited by ?

Answer 39

Iron

Question 40

What is the precursor of serotonin?

Answer 40

Tryptophan

Question 41

What is the precursor of dopamine and norepinephrine ?

Answer 41

Tyrosine

Question 42

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is an X-linked genetic disorder associated with a deficiency of HGPT that leads to?

Answer 42

Excessive production of uric acid (Gout)

Question 43

In biosynthesis of Pyrimidines, the first reaction is the synthesis of CARBOMYL PHOSPHATE which is catalyzed by ??

Answer 43

Cytosolic CPS 2

Question 44

In pyrimidine biosynthesis, CPS 2 is inhibited by ____ and activated by _____ ?

Answer 44

Inhibited by UTP | Activated by PRPP

Question 45

dTMP is synthesized by methylation of dUMP catalyzed by?

Answer 45

Thymidylate synthase

Question 46

What is the enzyme that inhibits FduMP (potent anti tumor agent)

Answer 46

thymidulate synthase

Question 47

What is the enzyme that these drugs inhibit ( Methotrexate, aminopterin, trimethoprim)

Answer 47

Dihydrofolate reductase

Question 48

Most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasias ( genetic diseases affected adrenal glands)?

Answer 48

21- alpha hydroxylase

Question 49

What are the precursors of purine and pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 49

CO2, PRPP, glutamine, aspartic acid

Question 50

3 ketones produced in keto genesis?

Answer 50

Acetoacetate Acetone B - Hydroxybutyrate