Lipids Flashcards

Question

Fat Digestion and Absorption: Small intestine and pancreas

Answer 1

Cholecystokinin (CCK) signals the gallbladder to release bile (via the common bile duct): Fat --> bile ---> emulsified fat - Pancreatic lipase flows in from the pancreas (via the pancreatic duct): Emulsified fat (triglycerides) --> pancreatic and intestinal lipase --> monoglycerides, glycerol, fatty acids,

Answer 2

Some fat and cholesterol, trapped in fiber, exit in feces

Answer 3

1. In the stomach, the fat and watery GI juices tend to separate. The enzymes are in the water and can't get at the fat. 2. When fat enters the small intestine the gallbladder secretes bile. Bile has an affinity for both fat and water, so it can bring the fat into the water. 3. Bile's emulsifying action converts large globules into small droplets that repel each other 4. After emulsification, the enzymes have easy access to the fat droplets 5. once in the enterocyte (cells of large intestine) Triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, fat-soluble vitamins become lipoproteins known as chylomicron enters lymph system before entering blood stream and ultimately the liver

Answer 4

- made primarily by liver cells to transport lipids to various tissues in the body - composed primarily of triglycerides

Answer 5

- Derived from VLDL as cells remove triglycerides from them - carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the cells of the body composed primarily of cholesterol - Larger, lighter, filled with more lipid - Deliver cholesterol and triglycerides from liver to the tissues - High LDL predictor of fatal heart attack or stroke

Answer 6

- Transport cholesterol back to the liver from peripheral cells - composed primarily of protein - smaller, denser, packaged with more protein - scavenge excess cholesterol from the tissues and return to the liver for metabolism or disposal - Low blood concentration of HDL signifies higher disease

Answer 7

Cholesterol travels through the blood on proteins called “lipoproteins.” Two types of lipoproteins carry cholesterol throughout the body: HDL, LDL - cholesterol is a type of lipid

Answer 8

- Ongoing research into how saturated fats affect our heart health - saturated fat can raise LDL cholesterol levels in the blood which is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke - replacing saturated fats with mono or poly unsaturated fats decreases LDL-C. - there are different dietary saturated fatty acids. There is emerging evidence to suggest that the health effects of saturated fats could vary depending on the food sources they come from

Answer 9

- Salmon, tuna, fatty fish (seafood omega 3 fats) - walnuts, canola oil, flax seeds (plant omega 3 fats) - corn, soy, safflower & sunflower oils (plant omega 6 fats) - Olive & peanut oils, nuts, avocados (monounsaturated fats)

Answer 10

- Red meat, butter, cheese, ice cream (saturated fats) Partially hydrogenated oil (industrial trans fats)

Answer 11

- the DRI suggests a diet that is: low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol, and provides 20-35% of one's daily energy from fat - try to replace solid fats with liquid oils whenever possible - be aware that all high-fat foods are high in kcalories - select the most nutrient-dense from all food groups - consume fewer and smaller portions of foods and beverages containing solid fats - choose unsaturated fats - don't overdo fat restriction - regarding fat replaces: fat alternatives must actually replace fat and every in the diet

Answer 12

- essential fatty acid deficiency - decreased hormone and vit D production - Dyslipidemia (increases LDL-C and lowers HDL-C)