Lipids Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the chemical structure of lipids?
Lipids are made up of a triglyceride.
A triglyceride contains three fatty acid molecule and one glycerol molecule.
The formula R-COOH represents a fatty acid.
R symbolises the hydrocarbon chain.
Glycerol is a trihydric alcohol.
A trihydric alcohol molecule contains three OH groups.
During the formation of a triglyceride, each OH group combines with an H molecule from the fatty acid with the loss of a water molecule (H2O). Known as condensation
What are fatty acids?
Organic compounds.
What is the chemical formula to represent fatty acids?
R-COOH
What are the three types of fatty acids?
Saturated
Unsaturated
Monounsaturated
What is the structure of saturated fatty acids?
Each carbon molecule has its full complement of hydrogen; there are no double bonds. It is saturated between carbon atoms.
What are the properties of saturated fatty acids?
Solid at room temperature
Higher melting point
Increases blood cholesterol levels
Where are saturated fats sourced?
Meat
Butter
Cheese
Cream
Milk
Lard
Coconut oil
An example of saturated fatty acid?
Butyric acid
What is the structure of unsaturated fatty acids?
The carbon chain is not saturated with hydrogen, so double bonds can be found between the carbon atoms
What are unsaturated fatty acids properties??
Liquid at room temperature
Lower melting point
Helps lower blood cholesterol
What is the structure of monounsaturated fatty acids?
Contains one double bond
Properties of monounsaturated fatty acids ?
Liquid at room temperature
Lower melting point
Helps lower blood cholesterol
Where are monounsaturated fatty acids sourced bitch?
Plants
An example of a monounsaturated fatty acid?
Olive oil🫒
What is the structure of polyunsaturated fatty acid?
Contains more than one double bond between the carbon atoms.
What are polyunsaturated fatty acids properties?
Soft or liquid at room temperature
Lower melting point
Helps reduce blood cholesterol
Where are polyunsaturated fatty acids sourced?
Corn oil
Vegetable oil
Nuts
Margarines
What are cis fatty acids ?
Two hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the double bond. Found on in all foods that contain some fat or oil
What are trans fatty acids?
two hydrogen atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond. Found in dairy products and meat.
What are essential fatty acids?
Essential fatty acids must be obtained from food, as our body cannot manufacture them. They are needed for normal body functioning.
What are omega- 3 fatty acids ?
Omega-3 fatty acids are needed to prevent coronary heart disease and stroke and to lower blood pressure.
Sources of lipids?
Meat
Butter
Cream
Vegetable oil
Nuts
Fish oils
Oily fish
What are the properties of lipids?
Lipids are insoluble in water
Soluble in organic solvents eg ether
Absorb flavour quickly
