Lipids Flashcards
(29 cards)
Risk Factors for hyperlipidemia
Men >45, women>55, family history of CHD, hypertension, current smoker, <40 HDL
Extremely high levels of chylomicrons or VLDL particles can cause what skin condition?
eruptive xanthomas- red/yellow papules, especially on the buttocks
High levels of LDL can cause what skin condition?
tendinous xanthomas- occur on achilles tendon, patella and back of hands
High levels of triglycerides can cause this eye condition marked by white appearance of retina
Lipemia retinalis- caused from lipid deposits on the retina
NCEP recommends screening all individuals for high cholesterol beginning at what age?
20
T/F
Most individuals have no clinical signs of high cholesterol
True. Usually indicated in blood testing
What values indicate an increase in CHD risk with high cholesterol?
Each 10 mg/dl of total cholesterol increases the risk of CHD by 10%
What constitutes a patient as high risk for CAD?
A history of any of the following: CAD, MI, stroke, CHD
What constitutes a patient as intermediate risk for CAD?
Having 2 or more risk factors
What constitutes a patient as low risk for CAD?
Having less than 2 risk factors
HDL
Good cholesterol: high density
LDL
Bad cholesterol: low density
Treatment for hyperlipidemia
Diet, exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, aspirin therapy, Rx if needed
Benefit of HDL
If HDL>60, it subtracts a risk factor
Niacin
lipid-lowering, causes flushing due to prostaglandins, intolerance is common
cholestyramine, colesevelam, and colestipol
Bind bile acids, < LDL. GI issues are common
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): mechanism
work by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of cholesterol
Gemfibrozil
Fibrate (PPAR-alpha) agonists): < LDL, >HDL
Reduces CHD also
Ezetimibe
Lipid lowering drug, inhibits cholesterol transporter, < LDL
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): side effects
muscle aches, mild GI issues, liver toxicity
Gemfibrozil: side effects
Gall stones, hepatitis, muscle inflammation
Total Cholesterol
HDL+LDL+VLDL
Most of the triglycerides are found here?
VLDL
T/F High triglycerides may cause Pancreatitis
True
