Lipids

Question 1

What is a lipid

Answer 1

Lipids are organic compound including fats and oils

Question 2

what are fats and oils

Answer 2

esters called triglycerides

Question 3

What are triglycerides

Answer 3

a type of lipid - consisting of a glycerol molecule bonded to three long chain carboxylic acids called fatty acids. Triglycerides are formed through a condensation reaction.

Question 4

Are triglycerides polar or non polar

Answer 4

non polar

Question 5

Fatty acids

Answer 5

Fatty acids can be saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (presence of double bonds - mono: only 1 double bond, poly: >1 double bond)

Question 6

oils

Answer 6

contain more unsaturated fatty acids than fats. Liquid at room temp

Question 7

Fats

Answer 7

Solid at room temperature.

Question 8

Saponification

Answer 8

A triglyceride is hydrolysed with a strong base to form glycerol and fatty acid salts (reverse of condensation reaction). The salts dissociate to form a carboxylate ions - soap molecules

Question 9

Carboxylate ions

Answer 9

made up of a long hydrophobic tail (non - polar) and hydrophilic head (polar)

Question 10

tails of carboxylate ions

Answer 10

gather together and the heads face outwards towards the water - called micelle. The tails attract oil particles and embed into them.

Question 11

Heads of carboxylate ions

Answer 11

interact with water. When water is agitated the oil is lifted up with the hydrophobic tail

Question 12

hard water