Lipids

Question 1

What are lipids?

Answer 1

made of C,H,O
hydrophobic
non-polar so soluble in non-polar substances
4 family’s: fats, phospholipids, steroids & waxes

Question 2

Fatty acids

Answer 2

tail: long hydrocarbon (hydrophobic)
head: carboxyl group (hydrophilic)
differ by: # or carbons, # of double bonds present & location of double bonds

Question 3

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 3

no double bonds present
chains are straight making them solid at room temp

Question 4

monounsaturated fatty acids

Answer 4

one double bond present (bent)
liquid at room temp
solidify at refrigerator temps

Question 5

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Answer 5

multiple double bonds (form kinks)
liquid at room temp

Question 6

Fats

Answer 6

H:O ratio greater than 2:1
hydrophobic
made of 2 units: alcohol (ex:glycerol-highly soluble), fatty acids
ex: butter

Question 7

Triglycerides (fat)

Answer 7

long-term energy storage molecule in animals
stored in fat cells of adipose tissue
made of 3 fatty acids attached to single glycerol

Question 8

Phospholipids

Answer 8

one polar-hydrophilic end and one non-polar-hydrophobic end
make up cell membranes
ex: lipid bilayer

Question 9

Sterols (steroids)

Answer 9

4 carbon rings
hormonal signalling, cell response to environment, growth
ex: testosterone & cholesterol

Question 10

Wax

Answer 10

long fatty acids linked to alcohols or carbon rings
firm & pliable consistency
water resistance & protection