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biochemistry > LIPIDS > Flashcards

LIPIDS Flashcards

0
Q

Long chain of carboxylic acid with one double bond

A

MONOUNSATURATED FATTY ACID

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1
Q

long chain of carboxylic acid with no double bond

A

SATURATED FATTY ACID

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2
Q

Long chain of carboxylic acid with two or more double bonds

A

POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

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3
Q

Fatty acids associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

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4
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

LINOLEIC ACID

LINOLENIC ACID

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5
Q

Immediate precursor of prostaglandins

A

ARACHIDONIC ACID

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6
Q

End product of fatty acid synthesis

A

PALMITIC ACID

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7
Q

2 primary bile acids

A

CHolic and chenodeoxycholic

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8
Q

2 molecules conjugated to bile acids to convert them to bile salts

A

TAURINE

GLYCINE

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9
Q

2 secondary bile acids

A

DEOXYXHOLIC AND LITHOCOLIC ACID

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10
Q

Clinical manifestation of lipid malabsorption

A

STEATORRHEA

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11
Q

Spherical macromolecular complexes composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a shell of amphipathic lipoproteins, phospholipid and nonesterified cholesterol

A

LIPOPROTEINS

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12
Q

Protein moiety of lipoproteins

A

APOPROTEINS

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13
Q

Transport dietary triglyceride and cholesterol from intestine to tissues

A

CHYLOMICRON

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14
Q

Transport triglyceride from liver to tissues

A

VLDL

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15
Q

Delivers cholesterols into cells

A

LDL

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16
Q

reverse cholesterol transport

A

HDL

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17
Q

Shuttles apo C II and apo E in the blood

A

HDL

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18
Q

Mediates chylomicron secretion

A

APO B48

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19
Q

Activates lipoprotein lipase

A

APO C 11

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20
Q

Mediates uptake if chylomicron remnant

A

APO E

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21
Q

Binds to LDL receptor and mediates VLDL secretion

A

APO B100

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22
Q

Activates LCAT to produce cholesteryl estees in HDL

A

APO A1

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23
Q

Degradation of dietary TAG in small intestine

A

PANCREATIC LIPASE

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24
degradation of TAG remaining in IDL
hepatic TAG lipase
25
Major component of lung surfactant
DIPALMITOYL PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE
26
Only glycerophospholipid that is antigenic
Cardiolipin
27
Reservoir for arachidonic acid in the membranes and precursor for IP3 and DAG
PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL
28
important constituent of myelin
SPHINGOMYELIN
29
contains no double bond | solid at room temperature
saturated fatty acid
30
contains 1 double bond
monounsaturated fatty acid
31
contain 2 double bonds
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
32
deficiency results in decreased vision and altered learning behavior
Linolenic acid
33
becomes essential if linoleicis deficient
Arachidonic acid
34
rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis
ACETYL CoA CARBOXYLASE | acetyl coA + ATP --> malonyl coA
35
Since the rate limiting step in fatty acid synthesis requires a carboxylase what is a necessary co factor in this reaction?
Biotin
36
Where is acetyl coA produced?
Mitichondrial matrix only because it cannot pass through the mitichondrial membranes
37
Where does the cell primarily get the necessary NADPH?
Hexose monophosphate pathway/pentose phosphate pathway and NADPH dependent malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme)
38
esters of the trihydric alcohol glycerol and fats | main storage forms of fatty acids
Triacylglycerols
39
Where does synthesis of TAGs occur
liver and adipose tissue
40
sources of glycerol 3 phosphate
DHAP from glycolysis and phosphorylation of free glycerol
41
hydrolyzes TAGs to yielding free fatty acids and glycerol
Hormone sensitive lipase
42
rate limiting step: B-oxidation of fatty acids
CARNITINE ACYLTRANSFERASE fatty acyl CoA + carnitine --> fatty acyl carnitine + CoA
43
removal of acetyl CoA fragments from the ends if fatty acids
B-oxidation of fatty acids
44
oxidiZe very long chain of fatty acids
peroxisomes
45
Total ATP yield by B oxidation
129 ATP
46
converts acetyl CoA ti ketone bodies
Ketogenesis
47
where dies ketogenesis occur?
mitochondria
48
rate limiting step on ketogenesis
HMG CoA synthase kHetoneS
49
major tissue site if FA synthesis
liver
50
carriers/shuttles of fatty acid synthesis
citrate shuttle shuttles acetyl CoA
51
reducing equivalent if FA Synthesis
NADPH
52
FA synthesis product
1 palmitate
53
FA synthesis inhibitors
long chain fatty acyl CoA inhibits acetyl CoA carboxylase
54
major tissue site if B oxidation
muscle and liver
55
carriers/shuttles of b oxidation
carnitine shuttle shuttles fatty acyl
56
reducing equivalents of b oxidation
NAD AND FAD
57
inhibitor of b oxidation
malonyl CoA inhibits carnitine palmitoyl transferase
58
ketoacidosis can be seen in
uncontrolled DM 1&2, starvation and chronic alcoholics
59
adrenal hormones derived from cholesterol
aldosterone androstenedione cortisol
60
storage form of cholesterol
cholesteryl esters
61
major tissue site for cholesterol synthesis
liver and intestines
62
rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis
HMG CoA reductase cHolesteRol
63
drugs used for the treatment if hypercholesterolemia to reduced the risk for CVD. they are competitive inhibitors of HMG coA reductase
Statins
64
the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to acetyl CoA how does acetyl CoA reach the cytosol for cholesterol
Citrate shuttle
65
synthesis in the liver from cholesterol
bile acids
66
rale limiting enzyme of bile acids
cholesterol 7 A hydroxylase
67
bile conjugated with either lysine ir taurine | emulsifying agent
bile salts
68
mother hormone from which all other hormones are derived
pregnenolone
69
rate limiting step of steroid hormone synthesis
desmolase
70
TAG from diet | activated by TRYSIN
pancreatic lipase
71
TAG from chylomicrons and VLDL | activated by INSULIN
lipoprotein lipase
72
TAG from adipose | activated by Glucagon
hormone sensitive lipase
73
spherical macromolecular complexes composed of neutral lipid core surrounded by a shell of amphipathic apolipoproteins phospholipids and nonsterified cholesterol
Plasma lipoproteins
74
represent the protein moiety of lipoproteins
APOLIPOPROTEINS or apoproteins
75
apoprotein secreted by the liver chylomicron assembly + secretion
Apo B48 chylomicrons
76
apoprotein that activates lipoprotein lipase | shuttled by HDLs
Apo C II chylomicrons and VLDL
77
apoprotein that is taken up by the liver | mediates uptake if chylomicron remnant
Apo E chylomicron and VLDL
78
activates LCAT
A-1
79
only antigenic phospholipid it reacts with antibodies produced against treponema pallidum hence one of the non treponemal tests for syphilis is anti cardiolipin test
cardiolipin
80
sphingosine + fatty acid
ceramide
81
ceramide + glucose or galactose
cerebroside
82
ceramide + oligosaccharide
globoside
83
ceramide + n acetylneuramic acid
ganglioside
84
ceramide + sulfated galactose
sulfatides
85
only significant sphingophospholipid in humans where it is an important constituet of the myelin sheath of nerves
sphingomyelin
86
aim to identify the whole complement of proteins elaborated by a cell under diversed conditions
proteomics

biochemistry (15 decks)

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