LIPIDS

Question 1

Are organic compounds that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms, which form the framework for the structure and function of living cells.

They are considered as non polar molecules. They are soluble only in nonpolar solvents but they are insoluble in water.

Answer 1

Lipids

Note: Lipids is considered as fat. That’s why it is not insoluble in water because water is a polar molecule.

Question 2

In human body, lipid molecules can be synthesized in what organ?

Note: It is the same with Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Lipids can be found in a lot of foods. Give examples.

Answer 3

• Oil
• Butter
• Milk like whole milk. That’s why older people are advised to drink low fat or non fat milk.
• Cheese
• Fried foods
• Some red meats like beef and pork

Question 4

Lipids are a family of what?

Answer 4

Organic compounds

Question 5

Lipids are composed of f____ and o____.

Answer 5

Fats and oils

Question 6

Lipids are molecules that yield __________. They are responsible for the different functions within the human body.

Answer 6

High energy

Question 7

In properties of Lipids,

• Lipids are oily or greasy nonpolar molecules, stored in the ______ tissue of the body.

This is why too much lipid or fats causes our abdomen, thighs, and arms to be big.

Answer 7

Adipose

Question 8

In properties of Lipids,

• Lipids are a heterogeneous group of compounds, mainly composed of hydrocarbon chains.

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

In properties of Lipids,

• Lipids are energy-rich organic molecules, which provide energy for different life processes.

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 9

TRUE

Note: Lipids are not always negative, they are also beneficial for the body.

Question 10

In properties of Lipids,

• Lipids are a class of compounds characterized by their insolubility in nonpolar solvents and solubility in water.

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 10

FALSE

Note: Lipids are soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in water

Question 11

In properties of Lipids,

• Lipids are significant in biological systems as they form a mechanical barrier dividing a cell from the external environment known as the what?

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Question 12

Lipids or fats are s_______ which prevents friction inside the body in order for other organs to be compressed and to have friction. Because if there is friction inside the body, it is because of lack of lubrication. And this lubrication comes from lipids.

Answer 12

Slippery

Question 13

Lipids are the polymers of ________.

Answer 13

Fatty acids

Question 14

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Sugar

Question 15

Contain a long nonpolar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen.

Answer 15

Fatty acid

Question 16

Lipid or _________ are carboxylic acids (or organic acid), usually with long aliphatic tails (long chains), either unsaturated or saturated.

Answer 16

Fatty acid

Question 17

They lack carbon to carbon double bonds. It also have higher melting points.

Their corresponding size is because of their ability to pack the molecules together. That’s why this fatty acid is a straight rod-like shape.

Answer 17

Saturated fatty acids

Question 18

• Has one or more than one double bond.
• Its fatty acid possess uneven number of carbon atoms and are unbranched.
• Contain a cis double bonds which create a structural kink (nakaliko) that disables them to group their molecules in straight rod-like shape.

Answer 18

Unsaturated fatty acids

Question 19

In classification of Lipids, it can be categorized or divided into 2. What are these?

Answer 19

Non polar and polar lipids

Question 20

Can be named as triglycerides. They are utilized as fuels and to store energy.

Answer 20

Non polar Lipids

Question 21

It could form a barrier with an external water environment. They are being utilized by membranes.

Answer 21

Polar Lipids

Question 22

Polar Lipids are comprised of what?

Answer 22

Sphingolipids and Glycerophospholipid

Question 23

Fatty acids are very important components of all this lipids and they can be classified as the 2 main classes. What are these?

Answer 23

• Nonsaponifiable lipids
• Saponifiable lipids

Question 24

It cannot be disintegrated into smaller molecules through hydrolysis. Some examples of this include cholesterol, prostaglandins, etc.

Answer 24

Nonsaponifiable Lipids

Question 25

This is an example of nonsaponifiable lipids that **turns into solid during low temperature** environment. What is this?

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

It comprises one or more ester groups, enabling it to **undergo hydrolysis** in the presence of a base, acid, or enzymes, including waxes, triglycerides, sphingolipids and phospholipids.

Answer 26

Saponifiable Lipids

Question 27

What are the **Two types of Lipids**?

Answer 27

1. **Simple Lipids** - esters of fatty acids with various alcohols. 2. **Complex Lipids** - esters of fatty acids containing groups in addition to alcohol and fatty acid.

Question 28

What are the 2 examples of Simple Lipids?

Answer 28

1. Fats 2. Waxes

Question 29

An example of Simple Lipids, * Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. Oils are fats in the liquid state.

Answer 29

Fats

Question 30

An example of Simple Lipids, * Esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohols.

Answer 30

Waxes

Question 31

What are the examples of Complex Lipids?

Answer 31

1. Phospholipids 2. Glycolipids (glycosphingolipids) 3. Other complex lipids * Sulfolipids * Amino lipids * Lipoproteins

Question 32

An example of Complex Lipids, * These are lipids containing in addition to fatty acids and alcohol, phosphate group. They frequently have nitrogen-containing bases and other substituents, eg, in Glycerophospholipids the alcohol is glycerol and in sphingophospholipids the alcohol is sphingosine.

Answer 32

Phospholipids

Question 33

An example of Complex Lipids, * Lipids containing a fatty acid, sphingosine and carbohydrate.

Answer 33

Glycolipids

Question 34

Unsaturated fatty acid can also be called as what?

Answer 34

Transfatty acid

Question 35

* They are **solid at room temperature.** * **Bad cholesterol or bad fat**. * People who consume fats like these which causes narrowing of blood vessel because of the **accumulation of cholesterol in blood**. EXAMPLE: **Lard**

Answer 35

Saturated fatty acid

Question 36

This is an example of saturated fatty acid that is a semi-solid white fat product obtained by rendering the fatty tissue of a pig.

Answer 36

Lard

Question 37

Are **liquid at room temperature** because they contain one or more double bonds causing the hydrocarbon chain to bend.

Answer 37

Unsaturated fatty acid

Question 38

This refers to the **configuration of the hydrogen atoms**.

Answer 38

Transfatty acids

Question 39

**Industrial fatty acids** is considered to be (a)__________. They are called (b)_________. They are produced by **hydrogenation or chemically adding hydrogen** in order to convert vegetable fats into solid form. Example: * Processed foods - this is because (b) increases the shelf-life of the food.

Answer 39

(a) **Artificial fats** (b) **Transfats**

Question 40

ROLES OF FATS: * Fats in the correct amounts are necessary for the proper functioning of our body. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

ROLES OF FATS: * Many fat-soluble vitamins need to be associated with fats in order to be effectively absorbed by the body. **What are these fat-soluble vitamins?**

Answer 41

**A D E K** Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Question 42

ROLES OF FATS: * Fats do not provide insulation to the body. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 42

FALSE Note: Fats provide insulation to the body

Question 43

ROLES OF FATS: * Fats are an efficient way to store energy for shorter periods. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 43

FALSE Note: It is for longer periods.

Question 44

What are the **4 examples of Lipids?**

Answer 44

1. Waxes 2. Phospholipids 3. Steroids 4. Cholesterol

Question 45

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS: * Are "esters" formed from long-alcohols and long-chain carboxylic acids. * Can be found almost everywhere. The fruits and leaves of many plants possess this kind of coatings, that can safeguard them from small predators and dehydration. * Fur of animals and the feathers of birds possess the same coatings serving as water repellants.

Answer 45

Waxes

Question 46

Are organic compounds made by replacing the hydrogen with acid by an alkyl group (another organic compound).

Answer 46

Esters

Question 47

It is an example of wax known for its water resistance and toughness. It is used as car wax.

Answer 47

Carnauba wax

Question 48

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS: * Its name is derived from the fact that phosphoacylglycerols are lipids containing a phosphate group. * Membranes are primarily composed of this.

Answer 48

Phospholipids

Question 49

* It is the same with **triacylglycerol** but its terminal OH group is esterified with phosphoric acid in place of fatty acid resulting in the formation of *phosphatidic acid*.

Answer 49

Phosphoacylglycerols

Question 50

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS: * These are lipids derived from **cholesterol**. * These are made of carbon rings instead of chains. * It is also a hormone that function as **chemical messengers** and important hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

Answer 50

Steroid

Question 51

This is the **female hormone**.

Answer 51

Estrogen

Question 52

This is the **male hormone**.

Answer 52

Testosterone

Question 53

These are basically organic compounds that are synthesized in glands and are transported by the bloodstream to your various tissues in order to **trigger** or **hinder** the desired process.

Answer 53

Hormones

Question 54

Avocado has fats but _____________ cholesterol. A. does have B. doesn't have

Answer 54

**B. doesn't have** Note: Cholesterol is found only in animal source foods, so avocado doesn't have cholesterol.

Question 55

EXAMPLES OF LIPIDS: * It is a wax-like substance, found only in **animal source foods**. * Triglycerides, LDL, HDL, VLDL are different types of it found in the blood cells.

Answer 55

Cholesterol

Question 56

* Bad cholesterol. * It prevents the proper flowing or circulation of blood [This is because of Transfats].

Answer 56

LDL or Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 57

* Can be gotten in fish. Example: Fish fat * Good cholesterol

Answer 57

HDL or High Density Lipoprotein

Question 58

* Type of blood fat. * One of the bad forms of cholesterol along with LDL and triglycerides. This is because it has high levels of cholesterol that can clog your arteries and that may lead to heart attack.

Answer 58

VLDL or Very Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 59

How many percent of VLDL particles is a triglyceride?

Answer 59

60%

Question 60

Cholesterol is an important lipid found in the cell membrane. It is a ________, which means that **cholesterol is a combination of steroid and alcohol.** In the human body, cholesterol is synthesized in the liver.

Answer 60

Sterol

Question 61

These compounds are **biosynthesized** by all living cells and are essential for the structural component of the cell membrane.

Answer 61

Cholesterol

Question 62

Under cholesterol, In the cell membrane, the ____________ structure of cholesterol provides a **rigid hydrophobic structure** that helps boost the rigidity of the cell membrane.

Answer 62

Steroid ring

Question 63

Without cholesterol, the cell membrane would be ____________.

Answer 63

too fluid

Question 64

It is an **important component of the cell membranes** and is also the basis for the synthesis of other steroids, including the sex hormones estradiol and testosterone, as well as other steroids such as cortisone and vitamin D.

Answer 64

Cholesterol

Question 65

CBC stand for

Answer 65

Complete Blood Count

Question 66

Cardiovascular problem leads to **Cerebrovascular accident** What is the medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death?

Answer 66

Stroke

Question 67

This is an example of **HDL**, It descent clog your arteries. It is free flowing inside the body and sometimes used as lubricant in gastrointestinal tract especially if you have constipation. Examples: [Salmon, Milkfish]

Answer 67

Fish oil

Question 68

A condition when the **pressure in your blood vessels is too high** (140/90 mmHg or higher).

Answer 68

Hypertension

Question 69

This is **fear or water.**

Answer 69

Hydrophobic

Question 70

Estrogen is also known as what?

Answer 70

Estradiol

Question 71

It is important in synthesis of other steroids.

Answer 71

Cholesterol

Question 72

It is a **natural steroid.** It is converted into cortisol.

Answer 72

Cortisone