Lipids - 3.5 - (1)

Question 1

What are lipids, or fats and oils?

Answer 1

they are molecules that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

What are fats that are lipids at room temperature?

Answer 2

solid

Question 3

What are oils that are lipids at room temperature?

Answer 3

liquid

Question 4

Why are lipids non-polar molecules?

Answer 4

as the electrons in the outer orbitals that form the bonds are more evenly distributed than in polar molecules

Question 5

What areas are not present within the molecules?

Answer 5

no positive or negative areas and that’s why lipids are not soluble in water

Question 6

What does not mix?

Answer 6

oil and water

Question 7

What are lipids known as?

Answer 7

large complex molecules known as macromolecules

Question 8

What are lipids not built from?

Answer 8

repeating units, or monomers, like polysaccharides

Question 9

How is a triglyceride made?

Answer 9

by combining one glycerol molecule with three fatty acids

Question 10

What is glycerol a member of?

Answer 10

a group of molecules called alcohols

Question 11

What do fatty acids belong to a group of?

Answer 11

molecules called carboxylic acids

Question 12

What do fatty acids consist of?

Answer 12

a carboxyl group (-COOH) with a hydrocarbon chain atached

Question 13

What groups interact?

Answer 13

hydroxyl groups, leading to the formation of three water molecules and bonds between the fatty acids and the glycerol molecule

Question 14

What are the bonds between the fatty acids and the glycerol molecule called?

Answer 14

ester bonds

Question 15

What is the reaction that causes bonds between the fatty acids and the glycerol molecule called?

Answer 15

esterification

Question 16

What is esterification another example of?

Answer 16

a condensation reaction

Question 17

When triglycerides are broken down, what needs to be supplied?

Answer 17

three water molecules in order to reverse the reaction that formed the triglyceride (this is a hydrolysis reaction)