Lipids

Question 1

What are the 5 general functions of lipids?

Answer 1

1) Serve as hormones, 2) Aid in digestion, 3) Provide energy, storage, and metabolic fuels. 4) Functional/structural components 5) Insulation

Question 2

What is the basic structure of cholesterol?

Answer 2

A steroid alcohol with 27 carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral sterane ring system

Question 3

What are the two functions of cholesterol?

Answer 3

Organize cell membranes and control permebility

Question 4

What is emulsification?

Answer 4

Solubilize cholesterol before absorption

Question 5

What is esterification?

Answer 5

Hydrophobic molecule production

Question 6

What is the ACAT site of action and function?

Answer 6

Intracellular catalyzes cholesterol esterfication

Question 7

What is the LCAT site of action and function?

Answer 7

Externally catalyzes cholesterol esterification

Question 8

What is the empirical formula of fatty acids?

Answer 8

R-COOH

Question 9

What are the three sources of fatty acids?

Answer 9

Diet, Adipose tissue and biosynthesis

Question 10

What are the four functions of fatty acids?

Answer 10

1) Produce energy via Beta-Oxidation 2) Produce phospholipids 3) Cell membrane maintenance 4) milk in females

Question 11

What are the harmful effects of trans fatty acids?

Answer 11

1) Not able to (be recognized, thus) broken down my enzymes 2) More dense in membrane 3) Raises LDL/triglycerides 4) Lowers HDL 5) Cardiovascular Disease increase 6) Damage to Brain/nervous system

Question 12

What is the Beta-oxidation process?

Answer 12

Shorten chain, acetyl CoA w/ oxalate = citrate

Question 13

What is the structure of triglycerides?

Answer 13

3 fatty acids to a glycerol

Question 14

What is the function of triglycerides?

Answer 14

Storage of fat in the tissues

Question 15

How is triglyceride metabolized?

Answer 15

Digested in the duodenum and absorbed in the proximal ileum.

Question 16

What are the phosphoglyceride functions?

Answer 16

1) Cell membrane 2) enzyme activators 3) metabolic fuels, 4) signaling molecules 5) Surfactant 6) component of lipoproteins

Question 17

What are the functions of sphingolipids?

Answer 17

1) form major lipids of cel membranes 2) signaling in CNS

Question 18

What are three fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 18

A, E and K

Question 19

Draw the lipoprotein basic structure

Answer 19

After slide 82

Question 20

What are the general functions of lipoproteins?

Answer 20

Hydrophilic adaptation to transport hydrophobic lipids to tissues/organs

Question 21

What are the four functions of apolipoproteins?

Answer 21

1)Uptake/catabolism 2) Structural component, 3) cofactor to regulate enzymes 4) transfer of lipids between liproteins

Question 22

Where do lipids fall on electrophoresis?

Answer 22

Top to bottom: Microns, LDL, VLDL, HDL

Question 23

What is the most and least component of chylomicrons?

Answer 23

Triglycerides (86) and Cholesterol (5)

Question 24

What is the main component of VLDL?

Answer 24

Triglycerides (55)

Question 25

What is the main component of LDL?

Answer 25

Cholesterol (50)

Question 26

What is the main component of IDL?

Answer 26

Cholesterol (36)

Question 27

What is the main component of HDL?

Answer 27

Protein (50)

Question 28

What are the apolipoproteins on chylomicrons?

Answer 28

A-I, E, B-48, C-I, C-II, C-III

Question 29

What are the apolipoprotiens on LDL?

Answer 29

B-100

Question 30

What is the function of A-I?

Answer 30

Structure, LCAT activator

Question 31

What is the function of A-IV?

Answer 31

Activator LCAT and modulator of LPL

Question 32

What is the function of B-48?

Answer 32

Structural, chylomicron secretion

Question 33

What is the function of B-100

Answer 33

LDL!!!! receptor

Question 34

What is the function of C-I?

Answer 34

Activator of LCAT, inhibitor of CETP, CRP, LDLR

Question 35

What is the function of C-II?

Answer 35

Activator of LPL

Question 36

What is the function of C-III?

Answer 36

Inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase

Question 37

What is the function of E?

Answer 37

Uptake of micron remnant into IDL and to the liver

Question 38

What is the purpose of the exogenous function?

Answer 38

Transport dietary lipids that are absorbed by intestine to liver/peripheral tissues,

Question 39

What are the three pancreatic enzymes and their substances?

Answer 39

Lipase-triglycerides; Cholesterol esterase-cholesterol; Phospholipase A- phospholipids

Question 40

Where are chylomicrons assembled?

Answer 40

Intentional epithelial cells

Question 41

What is the importance of C-II?

Answer 41

Activates lipoprotein lipase causing hydrolysis of Fatty acids to be taken up by adipose/muscle cells

Question 42

Where are fatty acids stored after triglyceride hydrolysis?

Answer 42

Stored as energy source/storage

Question 43

How is the chylomicron remnant formed?

Answer 43

What remains after triglyceride hydrolysis

Question 44

What is the important of apo-E?

Answer 44

required for endocytosis of the LIVER

Question 45

What is the major carrier of exogenous lipids?

Answer 45

Chylomicrons

Question 46

What is the major carrier of endogenous lipids?

Answer 46

VLDL

Question 47

What is the purpose of the endogenous pathway?

Answer 47

Transfer hepatic device lipids to peripheral cells for energy metabolism