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Clinical Chemistry 1 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Predominant bond in lipids.

A

Carbon-Hydrogen (C-H) Bonds

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2
Q

Chains of C-H bonds that terminates with -COOH.

A

Fatty Acids (FA)

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3
Q

Fatty acid that bound to albumin?

A

Unesterified Fatty Acids

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4
Q

Fatty acid that is a constituent of Triglycerides?

A

Esterified Fatty Acids

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5
Q

Fatty acid that has no double bonds.

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

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6
Q

Fatty acids that has only one double bond.

A

Monosaturated Fatty Acids

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7
Q

Fatty acids with greater than two double bonds.

A

Polysaturated Fatty Acids

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8
Q

A lipid which has no charged groups, water insoluble, and is a neutral lipid.

A

Triglycerides (TAG)

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9
Q

Triglyceride is completely (hydrophobic / hydrophilic)?

A

Hydrophobic

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10
Q

A lipid which contain 3 fatty acids (FA) attached to 1 glycerol.

A

Triglycerides

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11
Q

A lipid which contain 2 fatty acids (FA) attached to 1 glycerol.

A

Phospholipids

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12
Q

A characteristic which exhibit a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic tail.

A

Amphipathic

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13
Q

True or False: The 2nd position of a phospholipid contains the phospholipid head group.

A

False, the 3rd position of a phospholipid contains the phospholipid head group.

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14
Q

A lipid which is an unsaturated steroid alcohol which also contain four rings.

A

Cholesterol

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15
Q

Kind of cholesterol that is a free cholesterol.

A

Unesterified Cholesterol

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16
Q

Kind of cholesterol that is a cholesteryl ester.

A

Esterified Cholesterol

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17
Q

2 kinds of cholesterol.

A

A. Unesterified Cholesterol

B. Esterified Cholesterol

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18
Q

Which kind of cholesterol is amphipathic?

A

Unesterified Cholesterol

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19
Q

Which kind of cholesterol is a neutral lipid?

A

Esterified Cholesterol

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20
Q

Cholesterol can be converted to? (3)

A

A. Bile Salts
B. Steroid Hormones
C. Vitamin D and Cell Membrane

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21
Q

Components of a lipoprotein.

A

A. Lipids

B. Proteins

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22
Q

What can you find on the surface of a lipoprotein? (2)

A

A. Free Cholesterol

B. Phospholipids

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23
Q

What can you find in the core of a lipoprotein?

A

A. Triglycerides

B. Cholesteryl esters

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24
Q

Functions of Apolipoprotein. (3)

A

A. Maintain structural integrity.
B. Ligands for cell receptor.
C. Activators and inhibitors of enzymes.

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25
Activators and inhibitors of enzymes.
Apolipoprotein
26
Largest lipoprotein.
Chylomicron
27
Least dense lipoprotein.
Chylomicron
28
Chylomicrons are produced the?
Intestine
29
Responsible for delivery of dietary lipids to liver and peripheral tissue.
Chylomicrons
30
Also known as the Pre-B-Lipoprotein.
Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
31
VLDL are produced in?
Liver
32
Responsible for transfer of triglycerides from liver to peripheral tissue.
Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
33
Also known as the B-Lipoprotein.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
34
Also known as the bad cholesterol.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
35
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) came from?
Lypolysis of Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
36
Responsible for the transfer of dietary chlesterol to peripheral tissue.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
37
Lipoprotein that can infiltrate into the extracellular spaces of the vessel wall.
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
38
A precursor of atherosclerotic plaques.
Foam Cells
39
Once LDL is oxidized and taken up by macrophages, it may turn into?
Foam Cells
40
Also known as the A-Lipoprotein.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
41
Also known as the good cholesterol.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
42
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is produced in ? (2)
A. Liver | B. Intestine
43
Lipoprotein responsible for the transfer if cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver.
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
44
The heaviest and the fastest lipoprotein.
High Density Lipoprotein
45
A LDL-like particle that contains Apo-a.
Lipoprotein a
46
Confers risk for premature coronary heart disease and stroke.
Lipoprotein a
47
True or False: Lipoprotein a may compete with plasminogen and it also inhibit clot lysis.
True.
48
Reference range of Total Cholesterol; HDL; LDL and Triglycerides in adults.
Total Cholesterol: 140-200 mg/dL HDL: 40-75 mg/dL LDL: 50-130 mg/dL Triglyceride: 60-150 mg/dL
49
Conversion factor for Total Cholesterol; HDL; LDL?
0.026 mmol/L
50
Conversion factor for triglycerides?
0.011 mmol/L
51
Pathways for Lipids. (4)
A. Lipid Absorption B. Exogenous Pathway C. Endogenous Pathway D. Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway
52
Enzyme which makes Dietary lipids to become amphipathic?
Lipase
53
Emulsifying agent dietary lipids to form micelles?
Bile Salt
54
Micelles absorbed in the intestine are packed to form?
Chylomicrons
55
Pathway in where lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglyceride in the chylomicrons into fatty acid (FA) and glycerol.
Exogenous Pathway
56
Pathway in where chylomicrons are breakdown into chylomicron remnants.
Exogenous Pathway
57
Pathway in where triglycerides in the liver are packaged into Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL).
Endogenous Pathway
58
Pathway in where lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglyceride in the VLDL into fatty acid (FA) and glycerol.
Endogenous Pathway
59
Pathway in where VLDL breaks down into VLDL remnants and LDL.
Endogenous Pathway
60
Pathway in where HDL removes and deliver excess cholesterol to the liver.
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway
61
Pathway in where aqueous diffusion pathway and ABCA1 Transport.
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway
62
Lipid Disorders (4)
A. Arteriosclerosis B. Hyperlipoproteinemia C. Lipoprotein a Elevation D. Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
63
Lipid disorder there is an deposition of esterified cholesterol in artery walls.
Arteriosclerosis
64
Lipid disorder that is associated in the heart.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
65
Lipid disorder that is associated in the extremities/legs or arms.
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
66
Lipid disorder that is associated in the brain.
Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD)
67
Types of hyperlipoproteinemia. (3)
A. Hypercholesterolenemia B. Hypertriglyceridemia C. Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia
68
Hyperlipoproteinemia which has increased LDL and decreased LDL receptors.
Hypercholesterolenemia
69
Hyperlipoproteinemia that has decreased LDL/Apo C-II (cofactor).
Hypertriglyceridemia
70
Hyperlipoproteinemia in which VLDL or Chylos are broke down into remnants.
Hypertriglyceridemia
71
Hyperlipoproteinemia that has increased triglycerides and cholesterol.
Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia
72
Hyperlipoproteinemia associated with Familial Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia (FCH)
Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia
73
Hyperlipoproteinemia which is associated with Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III)
Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia
74
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) contain what apolipoprotein.
Apo E2/2
75
Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III) has what characteristics? (2)
A. Increased Cholesterol rich VLDL | B. Chylomicron Remnants
76
Lipid disorder that is associated with hypoalphalipoproteinemia.
Tangier's Disease
77
Two methods for cholesterol analysis.
A. Abell Kendall | B. Cholesteryl Oxidase
78
The non-enzymatic method for cholesterol analysis.
Abell Kendall Method
79
Reaction for Abell Kendall Method?
Liebermann-Burchard Reaction
80
Color of the solution in Abell Kendall Method?
Green Solution
81
Enzymatic method for cholesterol analysis.
Cholesteryl Oxidase Method
82
Enzyme that triggers the pink solution in Cholessteryl Oxidase Method.
Peroxidase
83
Color of the solution in Cholesteryl Oxidase Method.
Pink Solution
84
Methods for triglyceride analysis. (3)
A. Van Hand and Zilversmith B. Hantzch Condensation C. Glycerol Kinase
85
The non-enzymatic methods for triglyceride analysis. (2)
A. Van Hand and Zilversmith | B. Hantzch Condensation
86
The fluorimetric method for triglyceride analysis.
Hantzch Condensation Method
87
The enzymatic method for triglyceride analysis.
Glycerol Kinase Method
88
Color of the solution for Van Hand Method.
Blue Solution
89
Color of the solution for Hantzch Condensation Method.
Yellow Solution
90
General methods for lipoproteins.
A. Ultracentrifugation | B. Electrophoresis (with 4 bands)
91
A method for lipoprotein which is based on molecular density.
Ultracentrifugation
92
Order of the lipoproteins from lightest to heaviest.
Chylomicron VLDL LDL HDL

Clinical Chemistry 1 (1 decks)

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