Lipids Flashcards
What is the Low Carb Lipid TRIAD
is is the same as the Lean Mass Hyper-responders?
High LDL & HDL
Low triglycerides
Yes!
Barlett 2016
In the presence of High LDL-C and Low TG (<100)
The OR for CVD was the same for
LDL < 100 (OR 0.6)
LDL > 100 (OR 0.7)
LDL > 130 (OR 0.7)
Copenhagen Male Study
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/647239
LDL below or above 170
Risk of DVD nearly identical on High HDL and Low TG
what is CIMT
carotid intima-media thickness test
- extent of carotid atherosclerotic vascular disease
- measures thickness of the inner two layers of the carotid artery—the intima and media—and alerts physicians to any thickening when patients are still asymptomatic
Thyroid hormone
upregulates OR down-regulates
the LDL receptor?
What are the implications? (e.g. hypothyroidism)
Upregulates
“you don’t treat hypercholesterolemia until you’ve treated hypothyroidism”
A long time ago thyroid hormone was used to treat FH! (Familial Hypercholesterolemia)
Does fasting increase or decrease LDL?
Not clear, Dave Feldman would say it increases, Peter Attia has seen it generally stay the same or go down
What is the main index of glycemic variability?
mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE)
used to gauge the degree of glucose level fluctuations
What is Apolipoprotein B?
Apolipoprotein B is the primary apolipoprotein of
- chylomicrons
- VLDL
- IDL
- LDL particles
It is responsible for carrying lipids, including cholesterol, around the body (within the water outside cells) to all cells within all tissues. While all the functional roles of ApoB within the LDL (and all larger) particles remain somewhat unclear, it is the primary organizing protein (of the entire complex shell enclosing/carrying fat molecules within) component of the particles and is absolutely required for the formation of these particles. What is also clear is that the ApoB on the LDL particle acts as a ligand for LDL receptors in various cells throughout the body (i.e., less formally, ApoB indicates fat carrying particles are ready to enter any cells with ApoB receptors and deliver fats carried within into the cells).
what are MUFAs?
Examples
Monounsaturated fatty acids
- Olive oil
- Avocados
- Almonds, cashews and peanuts
Saturated fatty acids:
how many double bonds between the carbons in their chains do they have?
Saturated fats DON’T have any double bonds between the carbons in their chains!!!
Monounsaturated fats:
how many double bonds between the carbons in their chains do they have?
Monounsaturated fats have ONE double bond between carbons in their chains.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids:
how many double bonds between the carbons in their chains do they have?
MORE THAN ONE
Fatty acid chain length:
- Short-chain fatty acids: How many carbons do they have?
- Give example foods
- 5 or fewer carbons
- butter and cream
Medium-chain fatty acids
ARE THE SAME AS
medium-chain triglycerides = MCTs !!!
Fatty acid chain length:
Medium-chain fatty acids: How many carbons do they have?
Give example foods
Medium-chain fatty acids (also known as medium-chain triglycerides or MCTs)
have 6-12 carbons
- coconut oil
- MCT oil
- butter and cream also contain a small amount of MCTs.
