Lipids

Question 1

How many calories are there in 1 gram of fat?

Answer 1

9 calories

Question 2

Which vitamins do fats carry and absorb?

Answer 2

A, D, E, & K.

Question 3

What are the 2 essential fatty acids?

Answer 3

Omega 3 and Omega 6

Question 4

This fatty acid destroys tiny blood clots and keeps our blood ‘thin’

Answer 4

Omega 3

Question 5

What is amenorrhea?

Answer 5

Absence of menstruation due to fat deficiency

Question 6

What are the 3 categories of lipids?

Answer 6

1) Triglycerides (95% of all fats)
2) Phospholipids
3) Sterols

Question 7

What are triglycerides made up of?

Answer 7

Glycerol and 3 chains of C, H, and O.

Question 8

What is a saturated fat?

Answer 8

Type of triglyceride
Has a full complement of double hydrogen bonds
'Bad fat'
Increases cholesterol
Not essential in diet

Question 9

What is an unsaturated fat?

Answer 9

Type of triglyceride
Missing one or two hydrogen atoms
Good fats
Lowering blood cholesterol

Question 10

Which type of fat is usually liquid at room temperature?

Answer 10

Unsaturated (eg olive oil)

Question 11

What is Hydrogenation?

Answer 11

Infusing hydrogen into fats to prevent oxygen from bonding.
Prevents spoiling, makes it smoother/creamier.
Creates a TRANS FAT. Bad for you.

Question 12

How is a phospholipid different to a triglyceride?

Answer 12

Has a phosphorous molecule in place of one of the fatty acids.
It can hold together molecules of fat and water - emulsifier

Question 13

What molecules does a Sterol have?

Answer 13

Carbon rings instead of fatty acids

Question 14

What is the most common sterol?

Answer 14

Cholesterol

Question 15

Why do we need cholesterol?

Answer 15

It makes:
Bile acids for fat digestion
Steroid hormones
Vitamin D

Question 16

What are the two types of lipoproteins

Answer 16

HDL and LDL

Question 17

What is better, an LDL or HDL?

Answer 17

HDL - removes cholesterol from heart walls and takes it back to the liver

(LDL is very dense in cholesterol and clogs arteries)

Question 18

What are some good sources of Omega 6?

Answer 18

Vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, whole grains

Question 19

What are some good sources of Omega 3?

Answer 19

Flax seed, canola, soybean oil, walnuts, tuna, salmon

Question 20

What are some healthy fat choices?

Answer 20

Nuts, seeds, avocado, fatty fish, vegetable oils

Question 21

What is the difference between a monounsaturated fat and a polyunsaturated fat?

Answer 21

Mono has one double carbon bond, Poly has many.

Question 22

Why do we need polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 22

Required for body growth, skin, reduces cholesterol, parts of cell membranes