LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEIN MEASUREMENT

Question 1

can be measured in non-fasting individuals

Answer 1

TOTAL CHOLE
HDL

Question 2

Requires fasting individuals

Answer 2

TAG
LDL

Question 3

Ideal time in fasting

Answer 3

12 hours before venipuncture

Question 4

women have lower level than men except in
childhood and after the early fifties

Answer 4

Sex

Question 5

NCEP abbreviation

Answer 5

National Cholesterol Education Program

Question 6

• at least ___- hours before
  blood specimens are taken for lipid and lipoprotein
  analysis

Answer 6

Adult treatment Panel 3

Question 7

Total cholate , HDL, LDL, TAG can be measured in fasting patients only

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 7

FALSE

Question 8

What are the lipid profile

Answer 8

total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TAG

Question 9

POSTURE

When standing patient reclines =

Answer 9

↓10% TC, LDL, HDL

Question 10

Position of the patient must be standardized for
venipuncture

Answer 10

sitting position

Question 11

NCEP recommend:
patient be seated for __________ before sampling to prevent _____________

Answer 11

5 minutes / hemoconcentration

Question 12

This is an accommodation for patients who may
be unable or unwilling to fast for 12 hours

Answer 12

Adult treatment panel 3

Question 13

Plasma: Ultracentrifugation & electrophoresis (LPP
analysis)
o The samples can be cooled to ______ immediately
to retard changes that can occur in the
lipoproteins at room temperature

Answer 13

4°C

Question 14

Plasma should _______ remain in contact with the _________

Answer 14

NOT - cells overnight

Question 14

Protein aggregation occurs___________ using
what sample??

Answer 14

less frequently - SERUM

Question 15

When applying _________ where LDL is
calculated (Plasma/Serum)

Answer 15

Friedewald equation

Question 16

The two different calculations in VLDL

Answer 16

TAG/ 2.175 mmol/l - TAG/5 = mg/dL

Question 17

Large osmotic effects
(falsely low result)

Answer 17

cyan (CITRATE)

Question 18

• Because of its relatively
  high molecular weight, it
  has little effect on plasma
  volume
• But can alter
  electrophoretic mobility

Answer 18

Green (HEPARIN

Question 19

*Preferred because it
retards certain kinds of
oxidative and enzymatic
alterations that occur in
the lipoproteins during
storage.

Answer 19

Pink (EDTA)

Question 20

TC, TAG, HDL, Apolipoproteins – can be analyzed
with ______ samples

Answer 20

FROZEN

Question 21

STORAGE

Long-term (>_ mos) at -____C
* Short-term (__ mos.) at - ___C

Answer 21

> 2 MOS AT 70 C
1-2 MOS AT 20C

Question 22

__________ are NOT appropriate for
ultracentrifugal analysis because the triglyceriderich lipoproteins do NOT withstand freezing

Answer 22

Frozen samples

Question 23

Medical disorders that lead to secondary
dyslipoproteinemia include ______, ______, ______

Answer 23

Thyroid, hepatic and kidney disease

Question 24

Even in the presence of the anticoagulant, protein aggregation can occur in plasma that is stored in the refrigerator for a few days or frozen for longer periods

Answer 24

serum

Question 25

what is the color of liebermanns burchard test ________which indicates ________

Answer 25

Green color - steroids are cholesterol

Question 26

what is the color of Salkowski reaction______which indicates presence of ________

Answer 26

Red color - steroids

Question 27

2 mg of dry extract was dissolved in acetic anhydride, heated to boiling, cooled and then 1 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid was added along the sides of the test tube.

Answer 27

1. LIEBERMANN-BURCHARD'S TEST:

Question 28

2 mg of dry extract was shaken with chloroform, to the chloroform layer sulphuric acid was added slowly by the sides of test tube

Answer 28

2. SALKOWSKI REACTION:

Question 29

* Hydrolysis of CE (cholesteryl esters) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) to UE (unesterified) form * Extraction of UE form with petroleum ether

Answer 29

3. ABELL-KENDALL

Question 30

* Measurement with Liebermann-Burchard reagent

Answer 30

3. ABELL-KENDALL

Question 31

acids of abell kendall

Answer 31

o Sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and acetic anhydride

Question 32

Use smaller sample volume, no preliminary extraction step

Answer 32

B. ENZYMATIC METHODS

Question 33

* Rapid and precise compared to chemical methods

Answer 33

B. ENZYMATIC METHODS

Question 34

Forms a quinoneimine dye which will create a colored reaction and that will be detected by your device, usually a spectrophotometer

Answer 34

B. ENZYMATIC METHODS

Question 35

color of enzymatic method and read at _______

Answer 35

red color = read at 500 nm

Question 36

give me the characteristics of enzymatic method

Answer 36

- smaller sample volume - no preliminary extraction step - rapid - precise

Question 37

Cholesterol oxidase (Equation 17-2) can react with sterols other than cholesterol that are present in plasma such as plant sterols, which are present in appreciable concentrations in the circulation of patients with β-sitosterolemia

Answer 37

* Plant sterol

Question 38

Known for its properties as a reducing agent. These properties allow it to compete with the chromogenic substrates of equation 17-3 for hydrogen peroxide.Therefore, plasma/serum samples with elevated levels of ascorbic acid can result in lower measured levels of TC.

Answer 38

Ascorbic acid

Question 39

Can interfere with TC measurements because of its own spectral properties; bilirubin absorbs light at 500 nm (Rifai et al, 2000). This tends to increase measured cholesterol values

Answer 39

Bilirubin

Question 40

However, _________ is also oxidized by ________, and as a result loses its absorbance at 500 nm. This complicates the application of a serum blank to correct for _________ absorbance

Answer 40

bilirubin oxidized by H2O2

Question 41

as a result of hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 41

Sample turbidity

Question 42

SCE

Answer 42

scandinavian committee on enzymes

Question 43

Similar to Van Handel and Zilversmit method

Answer 43

1. CDC - REFERENCE METHOD

Question 44

limits interfering substances

Answer 44

1. CDC - REFERENCE METHOD

Question 45

Extraction of TAG by chloroform * Isolation of TAG by silicic acid chromatography * Release of glycerol by saponification ((alkaline hydrolysis of triglycerides)

Answer 45

1. CDC - REFERENCE METHOD

Question 46

color of CDC

Answer 46

Pink end color

Question 47

heparin in combination with manganese to precipitate apo B-containing LPP

Answer 47

EARLIEST

Question 48

sodium phosphotungstate with magnesium

Answer 48

ALTERNATIVE

Question 49

Dextran sulfate with magnesium

Answer 49

MORE SPECIFIC

Question 50

elevated TAG levels

Answer 50

Interfering factor

Question 51

assay for cholesterol content

Answer 51

Clear supernate

Question 52

is being produced and measured by the reaction with sulfuric acid solution of chromotropic acid to produce pink chromophore

Answer 52

Formaldehyde

Question 53

3-Step Procedure in HDL (gold standard or reference method

Answer 53

Ultracentrifugation Heparin Manganese Precipitation Analysis of supernatant cholestero

Question 54

IV. LABORATORY METHODS: LDL CHOLESTEROL REFERENCE METHOD

Answer 54

Beta-Quantification * Electrophoretic migration * Ultracentrifugation + Chemical Precipitation BEU

Question 55

NOT appropriate in samples with TAG of greater than___________ and patients with suspected beta lipoprotein

Answer 55

400 mg/dl

Question 56

Hydrogen peroxide by peroxidase will form _____________

Answer 56

quinoneimine dye complex

Question 57

VLDL in SI unit

Answer 57

o LDL = TC - HDL - (TAG/2.175) (mmol/L)

Question 58

conventional unit

Answer 58

LDL = TC - HDL - (TAG/5) (mg/dL)