Lipids and Lipoproteins

Question 1

Constitutes the body’s “petroleum industry.”

Answer 1

Lipoproteins

Question 2

are large, lipid-rich transport vessels that ferry their cargo of dietary triglycerides throughout the circulatory system to peripheral tissues, until arriving at the liver as chylomicron remnants when nearly empty.

Answer 2

Chylomicrons

Question 3

most abundant lipid

Answer 3

phospholipid

Question 4

where does phospholipid originate

Answer 4

liver and intestines

Question 5

formed from conjugation of two fatty acids and phosphorylated glycerol

Answer 5

Phospholipid

Question 6

lipids with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

Answer 6

amphipatic lipids

Question 7

phospholipids are produced in the lungs by

Answer 7

type II pneumocytes in the form of lamellar bodies

Question 8

Ref value of phospholipid

Answer 8

150 - 350 mg/dL

Question 9

alters fluid surface tension (surfactant)

Answer 9

phospholipid

Question 10

Phospholipids are important substrates of ?

Answer 10

LCAT and LPL

Question 11

Forms of phospholipids

Answer 11

• Lecithin/phosphotidyl choline – 70%
  
  • Sphingomyelin – 20%
  • Cephalin – 10%

Question 12

the only phospholipid that is NOT derived from glycerol

Answer 12

Sphingomyelin

Question 13

amino alcohol of Sphingomyelin

Answer 13

sphingosine

Question 14

essential component of RBCs and nerve sheath

Answer 14

Sphingomyelin

Question 15

unsaturated steroid alcohol containing 4 rings with a single C-H-side chain tail

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Question 16

cholesterol is synthesized where

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

cholesterol should be measured in all adults at — years old at least once every — years

Answer 17

20 yrs old
every 5 yrs

Question 18

cholesterol is important in the assembly of …

Answer 18

cell membranes, bile acids, and steroid hormones

Question 19

transport and excretion of cholesterol is promoted by

Answer 19

estrogen

Question 20

cholesterol evaluates the risk of..

Answer 20

evaluates the risk of atherosclerosis, CAD (coronary artery disease) and Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 21

forms of cholesterol

Answer 21

cholesterol ester 70%
unesterified/free cholesterol – 30%

Question 22

cholesterol ester is esterified by

Answer 22

Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyl Transferase (LCAT)

Question 23

inactive form of cholesterol is

Answer 23

cholesterol ester. stored in cells

Question 24

active form of cholesterol is

Answer 24

unesterified/free cholesterol. cytotoxic property

Question 25

fasting hours needed for cholesterol lab work. and what specimen

Answer 25

12 to 14 hours serum

Question 26

principle of colorimetry

Answer 26

dehydration and oxidation of cholesterol to form a colored compound

Question 27

end product of Salkowski reaction and color

Answer 27

cholestedienyl disulfonic acid red

Question 28

Liebermann-Burchard end product and color

Answer 28

monosulfonic acid green

Question 29

color developers of colorimetry/chemical method

Answer 29

glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, conc. sulfuric acid

Question 30

Pearson, Stern, and Mac Gavack method

Answer 30

colorimetry

Question 31

Bloor’s extraction

Answer 31

E + C

Question 32

Abell – Kendall

Answer 32

saponification (s) + E + C

Question 33

Schoenheimer, Sperry, Parekh, and Jung

Answer 33

S+E+C+Precipitation

Question 34

effect of hemolysis on cholesterol level

Answer 34

falsely increases

Question 35

reagent of colorimetry

Answer 35

Leibermann-Burchard

Question 36

reagent for extraction

Answer 36

petroleum ether

Question 37

reagent for saponification

Answer 37

alcoholic potassium hydroxide

Question 38

reagent for precipitation

Answer 38

digitonin

Question 39

most common method of quantifying the cholesterol oxidase reaction

Answer 39

is to measure the amount of hydrogen peroxide produced

Question 40

reference method for cholesterol and what color

Answer 40

abell, levy, broolie method; end color:green

Question 41

gold standard for cholesterol

Answer 41

isotope dilution mass spectrometry

Question 42

Mod risk, age 2 - 19

Answer 42

> 170

Question 43

high risk, age 2 - 19

Answer 43

>155

Question 44

mod risk, age 20 - 19

Answer 44

>200

Question 45

high risk, age 20 - 19

Answer 45

>220

Question 46

mod risk, age 30 - 39

Answer 46

>220

Question 47

high risk, age 30 - 39

Answer 47

>240

Question 48

mod risk, age 40 - 49

Answer 48

>240

Question 49

high risk, age 40 - 49

Answer 49

>260

Question 50

Main storage lipid in man

Answer 50

Triglyceride/Triglycerol (neutral fat)

Question 51

triglyceride components

Answer 51

three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 52

Exogenous TAG

Answer 52

chylomicron

Question 53

endogenous TAG

Answer 53

VLDL

Question 54

what is laboratory measurement of TAG based on

Answer 54

hydrolysis of FAs to produce glycerol

Question 55

specimen and fasting hours for TAG

Answer 55

serum 12 - 14 hours fasting

Question 56

what might interfere in TAG results?

Answer 56

ascorbic acid, bilirubin, hemolysis

Question 57

level of TAG that is clear serum

Answer 57

<200 mg/dL

Question 58

level of TAG that is turbid serum

Answer 58

>300 mg/dL

Question 59

level of TAG that is milky/opaque serum

Answer 59

>600 mg/dL

Question 60

colorimetric for TAG and what is end color

Answer 60

van handel and zilversmith – blue

Question 61

what is flurometric method for TAG and end color

Answer 61

hantzsch condensation – yellow

Question 62

major interference in enzymatic method for TAG

Answer 62

glycerol

Question 63

specific, rapid, easy to use for TAG measurement

Answer 63

enzymatic method

Question 64

COC tag level <150 mg/dL

Answer 64

normal

Question 65

COC tag levels 150 - 199

Answer 65

borderline high

Question 66

COC tag levels 200 - 499

Answer 66

high

Question 67

COC tag levels ≥500

Answer 67

very high

Question 68

transports lipid throughout the body

Answer 68

lipoproteins

Question 69

are the major sites of protein synthesis

Answer 69

hepatocytes and enterocytes

Question 70

used in the assessment of atherosclerosis and CAD

Answer 70

lipoproteins

Question 71

main purpose of lipoproteins

Answer 71

transport TAG and Cholesterol to sites of energy storages and utilization

Question 72

hydrolyzes TG to glycerol and FA

Answer 72

lipoprotein lipase

Question 73

hydrolyzes TG and phospholipids from HDL (high density lipoprotein)

Answer 73

Hepatic lipase

Question 74

converts free cholesterol to cholesteryl ester

Answer 74

Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)

Question 75

hydrolyzes HDL for the release of TG

Answer 75

Endothelial lipase

Question 76

largest and least dense lipoprotein

Answer 76

chylomicrons

Question 77

delivers exogenous/dietary TAG

Answer 77

chylomicron

Question 78

major apolipoprotein of chylomicron

Answer 78

APO B-48

Question 79

non-atherogenic lipoproteins

Answer 79

chylomicrons, HDL

Question 80

atherogenic lipoproteins

Answer 80

VLDL, LDL

Question 81

Density of chylomicron

Answer 81

<0.95 kg/L

Question 82

AKA pre-beta lipoprotein

Answer 82

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

Question 83

transports endogenous TAG: atherogenic

Answer 83

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

Question 84

major apolipoprotein of VLDL

Answer 84

APO B-100

Question 85

density of VLDL

Answer 85

0.95 – 1.006 kg/L

Question 86

AKA beta – lipoprotein

Answer 86

LDL

Question 87

Major catabolic end-product of VLDL

Answer 87

LDL

Question 88

Primary marker for CHD (congenital heart disease) risk

Answer 88

LDL

Question 89

most atherogenic lipoprotein

Answer 89

LDL

Question 90

Major apolipoprotein of LDL

Answer 90

APO B-100

Question 91

density of LDL

Answer 91

1.019 – 1.063 kg/L

Question 92

AKA alpha lipoprotein

Answer 92

HDL

Question 93

smallest and most dense lipoprotein

Answer 93

HDL

Question 94

how is antiatherogenic conc. related to cardiovascular disease risk

Answer 94

inversely

Question 95

most cardioprotective form of HDL

Answer 95

HDL2

Question 96

Density of HDL

Answer 96

1.063 – 1.21 kg/L

Question 97

COC ref method for HDL

Answer 97

ultracentrifugation precipitated with heparin MnCL

Question 98

HDL level <40 mg/dL

Answer 98

low

Question 99

HDL level <35 mg/dL

Answer 99

Hgb risk factor for CHD

Question 100

HDL protective level

Answer 100

60 mg/dL

Question 101

specific and sensitive indicator of cholestasis

Answer 101

Lipoprotein X

Question 102

Lipoprotein X is sensitive indicator of

Answer 102

cholestasis

Question 103

lipoprotein X is found in..

Answer 103

obstructive jaundice and LCAT deficiency

Question 104

AKA floating beta lipoprotein

Answer 104

B - VLDL

Question 105

floating beta lipoprotein is found in what type of ◦ hyperlipoproteinemia/dysbetalipoproteinemia

Answer 105

type 3

Question 106

similar density to VLDL

Answer 106

B – VLDL

Question 107

product of VLDL catabolism – “VLDL remnant”

Answer 107

IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein)

Question 108

apolipoprotein of IDL

Answer 108

APO B-100

Question 109

AKA sinking Pre-beta lipoprotein

Answer 109

Lpa or lipoprotein a

Question 110

increased levels of lipoprotein a means

Answer 110

premature CHD and stroke

Question 111

density of lipoprotein a

Answer 111

1.045 – 1.081 kg/L

Question 112

lab specimen for lipoprotein

Answer 112

plasma

Question 113

chelating agent for lipoprotein lab analysis

Answer 113

EDTA

Question 114

order from most to least dense

Answer 114

HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL, CM

Question 115

order from most anodic/fastest

Answer 115

HDL, VLDL, IDL, LDL, CM

Question 116

amount of aliquot of plasma for standing plasma test

Answer 116

2 mL

Question 117

accumulates overnight as a floating “cream” layer and can be detected visually

Answer 117

chylomicrons

Question 118

A plasma sample that remains turbid after standing overnight contains excessive amounts

Answer 118

VLDL