LIPIDS and other stuff Flashcards
(26 cards)
Diseases that are caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microbes and that can be transmitted from one person to another through air, water, or food; by contact; or through vector organisms such as mosquitoes and fleas.
Infectious diseases
Degenerative conditions or illnesses that progress slowly, are long in duration, and lack immediate cures. These diseases limit functioning, productivity, and the quality and length of life.
Chronic diseases
Traits, conditions, or lifestyle habits that increase people’s chances of developing diseases; factors known to be correlated with diseases but not proven to be casual.
Risk factors include
A general term describing diseases of the heart and/or blood vessels. Examples of this include hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
A major cause of cardiovascular disease; an arterial disease characterized by deposits known as plaques along the inner walls of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis
High blood pressure
Hypertension
Uncontrolled bleeding
Hemorrhage
The immune system’s response to cellular injury characterized by an increase in white blood cells, redness, heat, pain, and swelling. It plays a role in many chronic diseases.
Inflammation
Are men or women more at risk for CVD?
Men
Tiny cell-like fragments in the blood, important in forming clots.
Platelets
A diet that promotes ateriosclerosis–that is, a diet that is high in saturated fats and trans fats and low in vegetables, fruit, and whole grains.
Atherogenic diet
The five-member set of symptoms–high fasting blood glucose, central obesity, hypertension, low blood HDL, and high blood triglycerides–any three of which greatly increase a person’s risk of developing CVD. Also called insulin resistance syndrome.
Metabolic syndrome
A family of organic (carbon-containing) compounds soluble in organic solvents but not in water. These include triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and sterols.
Lipids
A member of the group of lipids known as sterols; a soft, waxy substance made in the body and also found in animal-derived foods.
Cholesterol
Lipids that are solid at room temperature (70 degrees Fahrenheit)
Fats
Lipids that are liquid at room temperature
Oils
Disease of the heart and blood vessels. Disease of the arteries of the heart is called coronary heart disease (CHD).
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
One of the three main classes of dietary lipids and the chief form of fat in foods and in the human body. One of these is made up of three units of fatty acids and one unit of glycerol.
Triglycerides
One of the three main classes of dietary lipids. These lipids are similar to triglycerides, but each has a phosphorus-containing structure in place of one of the fatty acids. These are present in all cell membranes.
Phospholipids
A phospholipid manufactured by the liver and also found in many foods; a major constituent of cell membranes.
Lecithin
One of the three main classes of dietary lipids. These have a structure similar to that of cholesterol.
Sterols
Organic acids composed of carbon chains of various lengths. Each one has an acid end and hydrogens attached to all of the carbon atoms of the chain.
Fatty acids
Fatty acids that the body needs but cannot make and so must be obtained from the diet.
Essential fatty acids
The feeling of fullness or satisfaction that people experience after meals.
Satiety
