lipids, cholesterol biochemistry

Question 1

function of chylomicrons

Answer 1

delivery dietary lipids

Question 2

function of VLDL

Answer 2

deliver endogenous lipids

Question 3

function of IDL

Answer 3

return endogenous lipids to the liver and are a LDL precursor

Question 4

function of LDL

Answer 4

delivery cholesterol to cells

Question 5

function of HDL

Answer 5

reverse cholesterol transport

Question 6

what are the least dense lipoprotein molecules

Answer 6

chylomicrons

Question 7

what are the most density

Answer 7

HDL

Question 8

what are the three apolipoproteins on chyloicrons

Answer 8

apoC II
apoB-48
ApoE
apoA-1

Question 9

where are chylomicrons made

Answer 9

in the intestine

Question 10

mature chylomicrons have what two apoplipoproteins taht they acquired in the blood

Answer 10

apoE and ApoCII

Question 11

what is the function of apoCII

Answer 11

helps activate lipoprotein lipase

Question 12

what is the function of ApoE

Answer 12

when exposed it acts as a ligand for receptor that allows lipoprotein clearance

Question 13

who helps give the liporpoteins to chylomicrons in the blood

Answer 13

HDL (donates ApoCII and ApoE)

Question 14

what are the receptors for chylomicron remnants going into the liver

Answer 14

LRP for ApoE

Question 15

VLDL transports ________lipids and the apoprotein for VLDL is __________ and has rich TG content

Answer 15

endogenous, apoprotein B 100

Question 16

______activates LPL

Answer 16

apoCII

Question 17

beta remnants of VLDL are called

Answer 17

IDL

Question 18

IDL remnants can acquire additional cholesterol from HDL particles in the circulation and become

Answer 18

LDL particles

Question 19

what is the apoprotein on LDL cells

Answer 19

apob 100

Question 20

______returns cholesterol to the liver

Answer 20

HDL

Question 21

what are the two important apoproteins on HDL

Answer 21

apoA-1 and ApoE

Question 22

_____is activated by ApoA-1

Answer 22

LCAT

Question 23

what does LCAT do

Answer 23

esterifies cholesterol

Question 24

function of ApoA1

Answer 24

actiaves LCAT, structural HDL component

Question 25

function of apoB48

Answer 25

assembl/secretion of chylomicrons from the small intestine

Question 26

apob100 function

Answer 26

VLDL assembly/secretion (liver), VLDL, IDL, LDL structural protein LDL receptor ligand

Question 27

function of apo(a)

Answer 27

linked via a disulfide bond to apoB100

Question 28

how do you calculate LDL from a cholesterol screen

Answer 28

LDL equal to total cholesteroal--HDL-1/5 triglycerides (if less than 400)

Question 29

what is the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis

Answer 29

HMG CoA reductase

Question 30

_______- and __________-activate HMG-COA reductase

Answer 30

insulin and thyroxine

Question 31

Glucagon and sterols _____to HMG Coa Redutase

Answer 31

deactivate it

Question 32

what is the most reliable marker for unstable atherosclerotic plaque

Answer 32

CRP

Question 33

homocysteine competes with __________binding on methylases leading to decreased methylation

Answer 33

SAM

Question 34

deficiency in what vitamines has a correlation with atherosclerosis

Answer 34

B vitamins

Question 35

type I hyperlipidemias primary cause

Answer 35

apocII or LPL deficiency

Question 36

type I lipoproteinf ractions

Answer 36

increased chylomicrons, increased TG

Question 37

type IIa liporptein fractions

Answer 37

LDL increased

Question 38

primary defect for type IIa

Answer 38

defect in the LDL receptor

Question 39

type IIB lipoprotein fractions

Answer 39

LDL, VLDL, TG

Question 40

primary defect for type IIb

Answer 40

defect in LDL receptor for endocytosis

Question 41

type III primary defect

Answer 41

defect in apoE

Question 42

type IV primary defect

Answer 42

multiple factors

Question 43

type V defect

Answer 43

LPL deficiency + increased VLDL production

Question 44

what are the lipoprotein fractions for type III

Answer 44

increased IDL

Question 45

what are the increased lipoprotein for type IV

Answer 45

VLDL and TG

Question 46

what are the increaed lipoprotein for type V

Answer 46

VLDL, TG and chyloimicrons

Question 47

pts with type I also present with

Answer 47

xanthoma, recurrent abdominal pain and hepatosplenomegaly

Question 48

defects in the LDL-R may be

Answer 48

absent or truncated protein protein not on the surface protein doesn't bind LDL protein doesn't cluster or interalize

Question 49

total cholesterol should be aimed for

Answer 49

less than 200 greater than 20, less that 170 in less than 20

Question 50

_______reduces absorption of dietary cholesterol

Answer 50

ezetimibe