Lipids II

Question 1

Citrate cleavage pathway for FA synthesis

Answer 1

exports excess Acetyl-CoA from mitochondria.

Question 2

Citrate

Answer 2

can diffuse through inner MM through a tricarboxylic acid transporter, signals to cell that you are making fat

Question 3

Committed step of FA synthesis

Answer 3

carboxylation of actyl-CoA by acetyl-COA carboxylase via Malonyl CoA. Inputs ATP and 1 CO2

Question 4

Elongation of FA

Answer 4

add acetyl-CoA to the reactive (C=O) end of the molecule.

Question 5

Desaturation of FA

Answer 5

happens in ER by the monooxygenase sytem. Add NADPH and O2

Question 6

Lipid droplets

Answer 6

found in cytoplasm of adipose tissue, muscle, and liver cells. Consists of TAGs are hydrophobic cholesterol esters

Question 7

FA synthesis in well-fed state

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

FA synthesis in fasting state

Answer 8

decreases

Question 9

FA release

Answer 9

occurs during starvation. HIgh glucagon/insulin stimulates FA mobilization in adipose tissue

Question 10

3 factors leading to development of fatty liver in chronic alcoholism

Answer 10

• Increases level of NASH and acetyl-CoA
• Increased FA synthesis from alcohol
• Samaged liver tissues have reduced capacity to synthesize VLDLs in order to export FAs to adipose tissues