Lipids Lecture Flashcards
0
Q
Two functions of lipid
A
- Source if energy
2. Important component of cellular structure
1
Q
What is a lipid?
A
Insoluble in water but solouble in saome solvent
2
Q
Esters of fatty acids with glycerol
A
Triacylglycerol
3
Q
Esters of fatty acids with higher molecular weight monohydric alcohol
A
Waxes
4
Q
Esters of fatty acids with alcohol
A
Simple lipids
5
Q
Esters of fatty acids with additional functional group
A
Complex lipids
6
Q
Has a phosphate group
A
Phospholipids
7
Q
Contain carbohydrates
A
Glycolipids
8
Q
Hybrid of lipids and apoproteins
A
Lipoproteins
9
Q
Structural backbone of sphingomyelin and glycosphingolipds
A
Sphingosine
10
Q
Sphingosine fatty acid complex
A
Ceramide
11
Q
Precursor of lipids
A
Fatty acids
Steroids
Lipid soluble vitamins
12
Q
No double bonds
A
Saturated fatty acids
13
Q
Have double bonds
A
Unsaturated fatty acids
14
Q
Abundant in animal fats
A
Saturated
15
Q
Abundant in plant and fish oil
A
Unsaturated
16
Q
Can be synthesized of our body
A
Non essential fatty acids
17
Q
Cannot be synthezed of our body
A
Essential fatty acids
Omega 3
18
Q
Truly essential fatty acids
A
Linoleic acid
Alpha linolenic acid
19
Q
2-4 carbon atoms
A
Short chain
20
Q
6-12 carbon toms
A
Medium chain
21
Q
More than 12
A
Long chain fatty acids
22
Q
All naturally occuring unsaturated fatty acids are
A
Long chain
23
Q
If the acyl group are in the other side of the bond and produce kink?
A
CIS
24
If the acl group are in the opposite side?
Trans
25
Carboxyl group of fatty acids and hydroxyl group of an alcoholic substance forming an ester compound
Esterification reaction
Triglyceride reactions
26
Reaction with hydrogen forming saturated fatty acids
Hydrogen reactions
27
Reactions with halogenslike iodine forming iodinated saturated fatty acids
Halogenation reaction
28
Production of rancid fat by randification in vitro
Nutritional i plication
29
Formation of free radicals thru lipid peroxidation in vivo
Clinical implication
30
Most abundant naturally occuring lipid
Most abundant dietary lipid
Chief storage form of energy
Triacylglycerol
31
All three fatty acids are the same
Simple TAG
32
2 or 3 different kinds of fatty acids esterified to glycerol
Mixed TAG
33
Determines the degree of unsaturation of given fat or oil.
Iodine number
34
Determines the average length of the carbon chain or molecular weight of the tag.
Saponification number
35
Primary bile acids
Cholic acid
| Chenodeoxycholic acid
36
Secondary bile acids
Deoxycholic acid
| Lithocholic acid
37
Carrier of exogenous triacylglycerol in the blood
Transport dietary cholesterol, other lipids and fat soluble vitamins obtained from foods
Chylomicron
38
Also called prebeta lipoprotein
VLDL
39
Removes triacylglycerols synhtesized in the liver
VLDL
40
Prevents the development of fatty liver
VLDL
41
Carries endogenous triglycerides in the blood
VLDL
42
Also called beta lipoprotein
LDL
43
Carries endogenous cholesterol in the blood
Bad cholesterol
LDL
44
Also called alpha lipoprotein
HDL
45
Carries endogenous cholesterol from extrhepatic tissues to the liver
HDL
46
Contain the highest amount of phopolipid
Carrier of good cholesterol
HDL
47
Prostaglandins synthesized by cyclization of C-20 polyenoic fatty acid through the action of
Cyclooxygenase enzyme
48
Number of double bonds are denoted as subscript numerals
Prostaglandins
49
Prostaglandins that has a keto group in position 9
PGE
50
Prostaglandin tha has a hydroxyl group in this position
PGF
51
Formed in the platelets from ARA and EPA.
Cyclopentane ring is interrupted by oxygen atom
Stimulates platelet aggregation
Vasoconstrictor
Thromboxane (TXA2 and TXA3)
52
Produced by blood vessel endothelium from ARA and EPA
Inhibits of platelet aggregation
Vasodilator
Prostacyclin (PGI2 and PGI3)
53
Formed by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase
Caharacterized by presence of 3-5 double bonds
Potent chemical mediators of inflammation
Formed in leukocytes, platelets, macrophafes, etc.
Leukotrines (LTs)
54
Structural backbone of glycerophosphatide
Glycerol
55
Structural backbone of sphingomyelin
Sphingosine
56
Parent glycerophosphatide
Phosphatidic acid
57
Parent cpd. Sphingomyelin
Ceramide
58
Most abundant membrane phospholipid
Insoluble in acetone
Lecithin - phosphatidyl choline
59
The most important component of the lung surfactant
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline
60
Insoluble in ethyl and methyl alcohol
Important component of platelet thromboplastin
Involved in blood coagulation
Cephalin - phophatidyl ethanolamine
61
Found in the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer
Inversion of its location in the membrae is an early sign of apoptosis
Phosphatidyl serine- cephalin like phophatidate
62
A sugar alcohol
Inositol
63
Phosphorylation of inositol will transform lipositol into
Phospholnositides
64
are precursors of second messengers of hormones
Phospholnisitides
65
Precursor of cardiolipin
Phosphatidyl glycerol
66
Side chain of phosphatidyl glycerol
Glycerol
67
Only phosphatidate with known immunological property
Cardiolipin
68
Attaches cytochrome c of the ETC to the innermitochondrial membrane
Cadiolipin - diphosphatidyl glycerol
69
Formed by attaching another phosphatidic acid to the glycerol side chain
Cardiolipin- diphosphatidyl glycerol
70
It is a phosphoglyceride wherein the side-chain in carbon 1 of phosphatidic acid is an alpha and beta insaturated high molecular weight alcohol
Plasmalogen
71
Found in cardiac and skeletal muscles, brain and liver
Plasmalogen
72
Plasmalogen uses the suffix _____ instead of ___
Dal
| Dyl
73
Second major group of phospholipids
Sphingomyelin
74
Structural backone of sphingomyelin
Sphingosine
75
Parent compound of sphingomyelin
Ceramide
76
Side chain attached to ceramide is phosphoryl choline by a
Phospohoester bond
77
Accumulates in the brain, liver, and spleen in patients with Niemann-pick disease
Sphingomyelin
78
Three building block components of sphingolipids
One molecule of fatty acid
One molecule of sphingosine
A polar head group
79
Polar head group of sphingolipids which maybe
Phosphoryl choline
Sugars
80
A polar head forming sphingomyelin
Phophoryl choline
81
Polar head forming glycosphingolipids
Sugars
82
Biomedical importance of glycosphingolipids
1. Intercellular communication
2. Organ and tissue peiicity
3. Receptors for bacteral toxins
4. ABO blood group substances
83
Glycosphingolipids are found in th
Outer leaflet of the cell membrane
84
Also called glucosylceramide
Glucocerebroside
85
Accumulates in the liver and spleen of patients suffering from gaucher disease
Glucocerebroside
86
Components of glucocerebroside
Sphingosine
Glucose
Fatty acid
87
Accumulates in the brain of patients suffering from metachromatic leukodystrophy
Sulfatide
88
Sulfatide abundant in the
White matter
89
Major sulfolipid of the brain
Sulfatide
| Galactocerebroside 3 sulfate
90
Bond between sphingosine and galactose in cerebroside
Beta glycocidic bond
91
Accumulates in the white matter of the brain of patients suffering from krabbe disease
Galactocebroside
92
Also called galactosylceramide
Galactocebroside
93
Ceramide is attached to two to ten sugar units
Sugars present are usually gluose, galactose or N-acetkygalactosamine
Globoside
| Ceramide oligosaccharides
94
Example of globoside
Lactosylceramide
| Ceramide trihexoside
95
Component of erthrocyte membrane
Lactosylceramide
96
Abundant in the kidney
| Accumulates in patients with fabry disease
Ceramide trihexoside
97
Composition of gangliosides
Ceramide
Sialic acid or N- acetylneuraminic acid (NANA)
Amino sugars: N acetylglucosamine or N-acetlygalactosamine
Hexoses (D-glucose and D-galactose)
98
Found principally in the brain
Gangliosides
99
Principal gangliosides
Gm1
Gp1
Gt1
100
Subscript capital letters
Means number of sialic acid
101
M
D
T
Q
Monosialic acid
Disialic acid
Trisalic acid
Quatrasialic acid
102
Parent ring of steroid
Cyclo pentanoper hydro phenanthrene ring
103
Contain 8 to 10 carbons in the sidechain ( C-27, C-28 and C-29 steroids)
Sterol
104
Example of sterol
Cholesterol
105
Have 5 carbons in the side chain that terminates in a carboxyl group (C-24 steroids)
Bile acids
106
Example of bile acids
Cholic
| Chenoeoxycholic acid
107
Contains of 2 carbons in the side-chain(C-21)
Progesterone and adenocortical hormones
108
Example of progesterone
Cortisol
| Aldosterone
109
No side chain on C-17
Sex hormones
110
Example of sex hormone
Testosterone (C-19)
| Estradiol (C-18)
111
OH group is unesterified
| Biologically active form
Free cholesterol
112
OH group is esterified to unsaturated fatty acid
| Storage form of cholesterol
Cholesterol ester
113
For quantitative determination of cholesterol in the blood
Lieberman-Burchard Reation
114
Function of cholesterol
Component of cell membrane
Precursor of vitamin D3
Precursor of bile acids
Precursor of all steroid hormones
115
Also formed via the lipoxygenase pathway
Has vasoactive and immunoregulatory functions
Counter regulatory compounds of the immune response
Lipoxins
