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FLC- Metabolic Processes > Lipoprotein Metabolism > Flashcards

Lipoprotein Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 most important lipoproteins you should know?

A

chylomicron
vldl -very low density lipoprotein
hdl - high density lipoprotein
ldls - low density lipoprotein
idls - intermediate density lipoprotein

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2
Q

what are apolipoproteins

A

proteins that bind to lipids to form lipoproteins

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3
Q

Where is chylomicron secreted from and where does it go after secretion?

A

Chylomicron is secreted by intestine epithelial cells into the lymphatic system

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4
Q

This enzyme activated by apo C II on circulating lipoprotein particles, hydrolyses the triglycerides into 3 fatty acids within chylomicrons. These free fatty acids are stored into the adipose tissues

A

Lipoprotein Lipase

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5
Q

where is vldl secreted from?

A

liver

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6
Q

where is vldl generated from?

A

hepatocytes

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7
Q

VLDLs are composed of…. triglycerides than cholesterol

A

More

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8
Q

List the names of the most dense lipoprotein to the least dense one?

A

HDLs (most dense)
LDLs
IDLs
VLDLs
Chylomicron remant
Chylomicron (least dense)

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9
Q

What are 4 types of lipids present in lipoproteins

A
  1. Cholesterol
  2. Triglycerides
  3. Phospholipids
  4. Cholesterol esters
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10
Q

Where are lipoproteins synthesised?

A

In the small intestine and the liver

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11
Q

What do lipoproteins do?

A

They transport hydrophobic lipids such as cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids throughout the body

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12
Q

Structure of lipoproteins

A

a hydrophobic core which contains: cholesterol esters and triglycerides

a hydrophilic shell containing: free cholesterol, phospholipids and hydrophilic proteins called apolipoproteins

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13
Q

Where are chylomicrons secreted from?

A

Intestinal epilthelial cells

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14
Q

Function of chylomicions

A

Transport dietary triglycerides from the intestine to peripheral tissues (adipose tissues, cardiac and skeletal muscle)

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15
Q

What are chylomicion remnants?

A

Chylomicrons that are depleted of triglycerides

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16
Q

What apolipoproteins are associated with chylomicrons?

A

ApoE, ApoC-ll (activates capillary lipoprotein lipase), Apo B48

17
Q

Function of VLDLs

A

Transports triglycerides from the liver to peripheral tissues

18
Q

How is VLDL converted into LDL

A

Hydrolysis of fatty acid by capillary lipoprotein lipase

19
Q

What apolipoproteins are associated with VLDLs?

A

ApoC-ll, ApoB-100,ApoE

20
Q

Degradation of…… forms IDL

A

VLDLs

21
Q

Function of IDLs

A

Transports triglycerides and cholesterol to the liver from peripheral tissues

22
Q

Apoplipoproteins associated with LDLs are…

A

ApoE, ApoB-100

23
Q

IDLs are composed of cholesterol and triglycerides at… amounts

A

Equal

24
Q

LDLs are composed of…. triglycerides than cholesterol

A

Less

25
Q

Function of chylomicronremnants

A

They transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver

26
Q

IDLs is converted into LDLs by what enzyme?

A

Hepatic lipase

27
Q

What happens to LDLs when it reaches its target cells?

A

It is endocytosis with LDL receptors and degraded leading to the release of cholesterol, decreasing further uptake of cholesterol

28
Q

ApoB-100 is the only apolipoprotein associated with this lipoprotein

A

LDLs

29
Q

Where are is HDLs secreted from?

A

Liver and Intestinal epithelium

30
Q

Function of HDLs?

A

Transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues (atherosclerotic arteries) to the liver, where it is excreted via bile

31
Q

Apolipoprotein’s associated with HDLs

A

ApoE, ApoC-ll, ApoA-l

32
Q

What does ApoA-l do?

A

Activates LCAT to form cholesteryl esters

33
Q

What is the link between cholesteryl esters and ApoE and ApoC-ll

A

Cholesteryl esters help transfer these apolipoproteins to chylomicrons and VLDLs

34
Q

Where does the synthesis of apolipoproteins occur

A

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

35
Q

Name the 8 apolipoproteins you should know

A

ApoA-l
ApoA-ll
ApoB-48
ApoB-100
ApoC-l
ApoC-ll
ApoC-lll
ApoE

36
Q

Function of ApoC-ll

A

Activates capillary lipoprotein lipase; releases fatty acids and glycerol from chylomicrons, VLDLs and IDLs

37
Q

A component of chylomicrons

A

ApoB-48

38
Q

Importance of ApoB-100

A

Contains B-48 domain and the LDL receptor recognition domain permitting binding to LDL receptors.
Only structural Protein in LDL

39
Q

What are the 3 ways we can get some fat into our bloodstream?
(detailed)

A
  1. Diet
    The small intestine digests our food and packages the fat molecules, the triacylglycerides, into chylomicrons (protein carriers).
    Chylomicrons travel through our lymphatic system but eventually empty into our bloodstream, where they can enter capillary beds.
  2. Adipose cells (specialised cells that can store large amounts of fats)
    Hormones such as glucagon signal adipose cells to release free fatty acids into the bloodstream
  3. Liver
    Excess glucose can be converted into fatty acids, the liver packages these fatty acids into triacylglyceride molecules.

These are packaged alongside cholesterol and other hydrophobic molecules into VLDLs, which eventually carry these to the capillary bed.

FLC- Metabolic Processes (2 decks)

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