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MCB 2 Block 2 > Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

Lipoprotein

A

Physical complex of lipid and protein

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2
Q

Apo A

A

Activates LCAT (on HDL)

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3
Q

Apo B

A

Involved in receptor-lipoprotein interaction
B48 - Digestion in chol for CM
B100 - Liver, endogenous FAT

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4
Q

ApoE

A

Involved in receptor lipoprotein interaction

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5
Q

ApoC

A

Activates lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Type 1 Hyperlipidemia (ApoC or LPL def)
HDL donates ApoE and ApoC to CM in blood

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6
Q

Bloods modes of lipid transport

A

Albumin, FA from adipose
CM, dietary lipids (intestines) to other tissue
Endogenous lipid from liver to tissue (lipoproteins)
Transport of Chol from tissue to liver (HDL - ApoA 1,2,4 activating LCAT

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7
Q

Chylomicrons

A

Delivery dietary lipids from intestine to tissue
Prominently TG, Apo B/C/E
ApoB48, chol esters, lymph travel

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8
Q

VLDL

A

deliver endogenous lipids from liver to tissue
mostly triglycerides, ApoB/C/E
ApoB100
Chol, blood travel

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9
Q

IDL

A

precursor for LDL, return lipids to Liver
VLDL given up ApoC (LPL) - ApoB100, ApoE. Liver receptor: ApoB100/E (endosome - lysosome IDL breakdown). Cholesterol donated to HDL for LCAT activity

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10
Q

LDL

A

deliver chol to tissue. Only ApoB100, single copy. Chol esters (FA). ApoB100 docks with LDL receptor, clathrin coated pits for endocytosis. Low pH allows dissociation of LDL-R from LDL (recycled LDL-R lose affinity each time so need new expression)

Lysosomal esterase converts chol ester to chol

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11
Q

HDL

A

Deliver chol from tissue to liver

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12
Q

HDL LCAT

A

on surface in blood: esterify chol for IDL to LDL to trap chol ester within lipoprotein. ApoA involved in esterfication of cholesterol, given back to IDL, activates LCAT (Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase)

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13
Q

HDL creation

A

Created in liver. Free ApoA 1 ciruclates and acquires cholesterol and PL’s becoming HDL. Attracts unesterfied chol from lipoproteins (ApoA1 and ApoE are main lipoproteins)

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14
Q

HDL CETP

A

Cholesterol ester transfer protein, transfers cholesterol esters from HDL to VLDL and HDL accepts TAGs.
HDL2 - gain more cholesterol and becomes arthogenic protective, chol back to liver

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15
Q

HDL and Hepatic Lipase

A

Removes TAG from HDL in space of Disse, hydrolyzes HDL to HDL2-3 (athroprotective). This is not activated by ApoC2 or attach TAG in CM and VLDL

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16
Q

Cell metabolism of Chol

A

Norm levels = 200 mg/dl
De novo synth = Acetyl Coa (from glucose)
Biosynth = HMG-CoA Reductase
Simvastatin = HMG-CoA Reductase inhib
Cholestyramine - prevents bile acid absorb (excreted through feces, increased expression of LDL-R)

17
Q

ACAT

A

Acyl-CoA chol acyl transferase, synthesizes chol ester for storage. Intestinal mucosa involved in remaking chol ester.

18
Q

Packaged in CM

A

TG, Chol, PL’s

19
Q

Abetalipoproteinemia

A

No apoB4 = MTP deficient (MTP transfers TG, chol to ApoB48)

20
Q

High LDL chol

A

High levels of LDL chol reduce LDL gene expression and since LDL-R are degraded after recycle this reduces total number of LDL-R therefore preventing excess IC chol build up

21
Q

LDL-R

A

Binds LPL with ApoB100. Can’t bind oxLDL

22
Q

FH

A

Familial hypercholesteremia is a mut in LDL-R leading to atherosclerosis

23
Q

OxLDL

A

Reactive oxygen species bind with ApoB100 therefore damaging it and it becomes foreign. This binds with macrophages via Scavenger receptor (SR-A) (SR not downreg by chol). MAcropahges become bloated and enter subendo becoming a foam cell (useless) and begins athersclerotic plaque.

24
Q

HDL and ApoA

A

HDL has ApoA on its surface, can bind cholesterol and activate LCAT, chol ester, transfer to IDL, then LDL. More HDL = more ability to scavenger cholesterol (reverse chol transport as hepatocyte expresses SR-B receptor which docks with HDL and deposits chol back to liver)

25
Q

Liver after scavenge

A

Repackages chol into VLDL and LDL. More LDL = more oxLDL = more macrophages. Vit E is an antioxidant in LDL and prevents destruction of ApoB100

26
Q

Atherosclerosis RF

A

High LDL, low LDL-R or SR-B, low HDL lvls

27
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia type 1

A

Hydrolysis of TAG is impaired, cutaneous xanthemas, high VLDL and low LDL. LPL deficient (hyperCM) discomfort assoc with fatty meals

28
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia type 2

A

Hypercholesteremia, elevated LDL: CHD. 2A - FH assoc with LDL gene expression

29
Q

Hyperlipoproteinemia type 3

A

Dysbetalipoproteinemia; aberrant ApoE can’t bind liver and accumulation of remnants of VLDL and CM

30
Q

DM

A

Glycolation of CM, form acetylaldehyde products. Lp’s modified and start narrowing vasculature.

MCB 2 Block 2 (10 decks)

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