Lipoproteins Flashcards
(42 cards)
what disorder is caused by ApoB truncations
hypobetalipoproteinemia
what is the consequence of truncated ApoB
secreted slower and cleared faster
what are the hypobetalipoproteinemia heterozygote LDL levels
25-50% of normal
what are the consequences of hypobetalipoproteinemia
tseato-hepatitis, and homozygotes get fat soluble vit deficiency and nueromuscular degeneration
where are VLDLs with truncated ApoB cleared?
renal tubule
abetalipoproteinemia is caused by
MTP definceicy
what does MTP do?
transport TG’s and cholesterol esters onto ApoB to form VLDL
which 2 conditions are caused by excessive ApoB synthesis in the liver?
Familial combined hyperlipidemia and hyperbetalipoproteinemia
what does Hyperapobeta look like
dense ApoB-100 LDL with too much apo B
what does FCHL look like
increased number of normal VLDL
how can there be an accumulation of normal LDL in FCHL and hyperapobeta
defect in LDL clearance in addition to excess VLDL production
Is apoB production normally constant
yes
how is more lipid normally transported
bigger particles
what happens in familial hypertriglyceridemia
high liver TG synthesis, TG plasma concentration, and TG/apoB ratio
what FHT patients tend to get CVD
those with a family history of CVD
is HDL low or high in all FHT
low
what are FHT + CAD patients likely to have
insulin resistance
what things raise VLDL or TG production
dietary fat, visceral fat, high glucose, fructose, and alcohol
why are visceral adipocytes bad
they release alot of free fatty acids
what leads to visceral fat
hyperandrogenism in women, hypoandrogenism in men, and hypercortisolism
what do saturated fatty acids do
stimulate cholesterol synthesis and down regulate LDL receptors
what does LPL do
hydrolyzes CLDL and CM to free fatty acids is adipose cells, muscle cells, and macrophages
what is required for LPL
ApoCII
what inhibits LPL
ApoCIII
