List Flashcards
Parts of the large intestine
cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, tenia coil, haustra, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Components of the Alimentary canal
Mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Bones of the skull
Cranium: frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid. Facial: maxilla, zygomatic, palatine, mandible, lacrimal, nasal, inferior concha, vomer. Middle ear bones: malleolus, incus, stapes
Components of blood
Plasma: pale yellow fluid, composed mostly of water, contains proteins, ions, nutrients, gases and waste
Formed Elements:
Red Blood Cells: transports O2 to tissues.
White Blood Cells: protects body from infection.
Platelets: protect the body from bleeding, prevents blood loss.
Chambers of the heart
right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
Parts of the brain stem
Diencephalon: Thalamus (sorts info for interpretation) and Hypothalamus (regulates body processes, temp, water balance, metabolism).
Midbrain (reflex center for vision/hearing), Pons (breathing centre), Medulla Oblongata (vital center- controls vital signs, emetic center).
where the nerves originate or are primarily controlled for each function
Vision: Occipital lobe
Hearing: Temporal lobe
Sleep/wake cycle: Reticular activation system
Reflexes: Spinal cord
Balance: Cerebellum
Coordination: Cerebellum
Active immunity vs. passive immunity
Active immunity is long term, and passive immunity is short term
Artificially acquired immunity vs. naturally acquired immunity
Artificial:
Active immunity: vaccination, long-term immunity, makes antibodies
Passive immunity: injection with gamma globulin (antibodies), short-term immunity; does not stimulate the production of antibodies
Natural
Active immunity: getting a disease and then becoming immune, for example chicken pox, your body responds to the pathogen by developing antibodies after getting the disease.
Passive immunity: antibodies are passed from mother to infant, short term immunity (normally 6 months or when breast-feeding); does not stimulate the production of antibodies
Common electrolytes
Sodium: regulates extracellular volume, participates in nerve-muscle function
Potassium: participates in nerve-muscle function
Calcium: strengthens bone and teeth, helps blood clotting, participates in muscle contraction
Magnesium: strengthens bone, participates in nerve-muscle function
Chloride: involved in extracellular volume control
Bicarbonate: part of bicarbonate buffer system, participates in acid-base balance
Phosphate: strengthens bone, participates in acid-base balance
Functions of the Respiratory System
Ventilation
Exchange of respiratory gases
Transport of respiratory gases (in blood)
Sound production
Olfactory sensation
Upper Respiratory tract
Nose
Nasal passages
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Upper trachea
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Lower Respiratory tract
Lower trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Pleural membranes:
visceral pleura: membrane outside lung
parietal pleura: membrane lining the chest wall
intrapleural space: filled with serous fluid, allow sliding of lungs in cavity to expand/contract
Steps in Respiration
Exchange and Transport of O2 and CO2
Function of the Nervous System
Bring information to the central nervous system
Interpret the information
Respond to the information
Coordinates and directs the body’s organ system
Four major areas of the brain
Cerebrum:
-cerebral cortex made of gray matter, outermost portion
-white matter located below the cerebral cortex
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Brain Stem: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Cerebellum: base of skull, reflexes, coordinates, evaluates, balances
Lobes of the brain
Frontal: the executive, behavior, personality, emotions
Parietal: somatosensory area, pain, pressure, light touch
Temporal: Auditory cortex, olfactory area
Occipital: visual cortex
