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Adult Health Retake > List Of Diseases > Flashcards

List Of Diseases Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Fluid collection in the pericardial sac
Results in a dramatic drop in blood pressure

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2
Q

Cardiomyopathy
3 TYPES

A

D: dilated (distended heart muscles)
R: restrictive (rock hard heart muscles)
H: hypertrophic (huge trophy heart muscle)
Diagnosis: echocardiogram, angiography

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3
Q

Endocarditis
CAUSES

A

Inflammation inside the heart (either bacterial infection or just inflammation)
CAUSES: dirty needle, dental visits, untreated strep throat

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4
Q

Pericarditis
CAUSES

A

Can lead to cardiac tamponade (JVD, muffled heart sounds, drop in blood pressure 10mmHg)
CAUSES:
H: heart attack
A: autoimmune disorder
I: infection
R: renal failure

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5
Q

CHF: Heart failure

A

HF: Heavy Fluid (weight gain, water gain)
Daily weights: 3lbs/day or 5lbs/7 days

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6
Q

MI: myocardial infarction

A

Blockage of coronary arteries (lack of O2 to heart muscles lead to muscle deterioration)
Cathy lab: contract dye
Take nitroglycerin SUBLINGUAL ONLY (x3)
ANGIOPLASTY: NPO 6-12 hrs before

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7
Q

ADDison Disease
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
CRISIS

A

Absent steroids LOW
A: added tan
A: added potassium
D: decrease weight
D: decrease BP, hair, sugar and energy
S: sodium loss
S: salt craving
Adrenal crisis: PRIMARY ACTION: add steroids IV push

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8
Q

Cushing syndrome
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
TREATMENT

A

Cushion of steroids
C: cushion (moon face buffalo hump)
U: unusual hair growth
S: skin (purple striae, butterfly mark)
H: high sugar, BP, weight
Treatment: surgery (cut out tumor, slowly decrease steroids)

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9
Q

DI: Diabetes Insipidus
Treatment

A

DIE ADH (dry and high sodium with diuresis)
Drinking a lot
DesmoPRESSIN/VasoPRESSIN (decrease urine output increasing BP)
Has low specific gravity

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10
Q

SIADH
Causes

A

ADH: Adds Da H2O
S:Seizures kill
S: sodium low (headache)
S: stop all fluid, give salt, give diuretics
Causes: sepsis, severe brain trauma, small cell lung cancer
High specific gravity (thick syrup urine)

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11
Q

Diabetes
Lab values

A

Fasting: 126+
GTT: 200+
HgB (A1C): 6.5+

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12
Q

DKA
Signs/symptoms
Treatment

A

Die from hypokalemia
D: dry and high sugar
K: ketones and Kussmal respirations
A: abdominal pain
A: acidosis metabolic (hyperkalemia)
Treatment:
D: dehydration first
K: kill the sugar
A: add potassium even if normal (insulin brings sugar and potassium into the cell)

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13
Q

HNS
Signs/symptoms
Treatment

A

Die from Hypovolemia
H: high sugar
H: higher fluid loss and extreme dehydration
H: head change- LOC
N: no ketones
S: slower onset and stable potassium
Treatment;
H: hydration first, then hypotonic solution
S: stabilize sugars (insulin)

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14
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

High T3 and T4
G: grape eye (exophthalmos)
G: gold balls in throat
THYROID STORM: agitation and confusion

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15
Q

HypOthyroidism

A

HashimOtos
Low T3 and T4
LOW AND SLOW
MYXEDEMA COMA: RESPIRATORY FAILURE, low BP
TRACHEOSTOMY KIT BY BED

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16
Q

Hyperaldostronism

A

A: adds sodium and water IN
L: lets potassium K+ OUT
(Of body)

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17
Q

Appendicitis
INTERVENTION

A

Intervention:
NPO, IV Normal Saline
NEVER GIVE PAIN MEDS (until seen by surgeon)
Assist with early ambulation after surgery to prevent pneumonia

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18
Q

Colostomy and Ileostomy
DIET

A

Avoid high fiber
4-6 weeks Post-Op:
No broccoli
No cauliflower
No multigrain bread

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19
Q

Diverticulitis
LABS

A

LLQ pain
Labs: decrease H/H (blood)
LOW FIBER DIET until flare up calmed down then switch diet

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20
Q

Dumping syndrome
POST-OP CARE

A

Post-Op care:
Dihiscense/Evisceration: low Fowler’s with knees bent
Diet: high fiber, LIE DOWN AFTER EATING
REPORT ADVERSE EFFECTS TO HCP 30 minutes after eating

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21
Q

GERD

A

Dyspepsia: heart burn
Avoid laying down 3hrs after eating
Avoid: chocolate, peppermint, spearmint

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22
Q

GI Bleeds
INTERVENTION

Study These Flashcards
A

Upper: gastritis, GERD, Peptic ulcer
Lower: Hemorrhoids, colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, colitis
Intervention:
Lower Head of bed
Blood transfusion

23
Q

GI Cancer

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A

Colorectal Cancer (Colon: including large intestine and rectum):
Unexplained weight loss
Bleeding (low hematocrit, blood in stool)
Colonoscopy: NPO after midnight, polyethylene glycol)

24
Q

IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Study These Flashcards
A

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
UC: Ulcerative Colitis:
BLOODY LIQUID STOOLS
CRohn’s Disease:
CRown’s Disease, Fatty and mucus in stool (no blood)
Involves entire layers

25
IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Diet: limit Legumes, Dairy, Fruits
26
PUD: Peptic Ulcer Disease Diagnosis
Gastric ulcer (stomach): PAIN INCREASES WITH FOOD 30 minutes after meals Duodenal Ulcer (intestine): PAIN DECREASES WITH FOOD 2-3 hrs after meals PAIN WORSE AT NIGHT BLOOD IN STOOL (melena) Diagnosis (EGD): NPO 8 hrs before Take laxatives
27
Small Bowel Obstruction
Rapid Onset: COLICKY “intermittent” abdominal pain
28
Anemia
Sickle cell disease: SUDDEN inability to be aroused Pernicious Anemia: Can’t absorb Vitamin b12 (lack intrinsic factors) not administered orally (IM or IV only)
29
Hemophilia
Hemophilia A: Clotting Factor 8 Hemophilia B: Clotting factor 9
30
HIV
Virus that attacks immune system (weakens immune system) Contact: blood, semen, vaginal fluids
31
SLE: Lupus
Autoimmune disorder attacking itself causing inflammation (increased ESR and c reactive protein) resulting to organ failure Trigger: 4 S’s Butterfly rash
32
Scleroderma
Rare Autoimmune disorder making too much collagen protein APRIPT ONSET HYPERTENSION AND HEADACHE (ACE inhibitor med) C: Calcinosis R: Raynaud’s Phenomenon (CCB med) E: Esophageal dysfunction S: Sclerodactyly T: Telangiectasia
33
Steven Johnson Syndrome
Associated with reaction to medication Interventions similar to severe burn patients (warm room, eye lubrication)
34
Eczema
Tepid sponge baths with soap Apply moisturizer immediately after bathing Cotten clothing (not wool clothing)
35
Psoriasis
Autoimmune disorder attacking normal healthy tissue (rapid cell division of epidermis cells) EXPOSURE TO SUN -good
36
Cholecyctitis
Inflammation of gallbladder (typically from gallstones blocking ducts) RUQ pain radiating to RIGHT shoulder Post-Op: Assist with early ambulation
37
Cirrhosis
Hepatic Encephalopathy: excess ammonia (cloudy brain, lactoLOSE) 4 major roles: Producing: Albumin (binds with calcium), Bile (picks up bilirubin and excess cholesterol), Coagulation factors Detoxing ammonia Drug metabolism Storing Glycogen
38
Ascites=Paracentesis
A: Ascites A: abdominal fluid -empty bladder, measure abdominal circumference and weight
39
Pancreatitis
LUQ pain radiates to the back Causes: ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (epigastric pain) Elevated labs: lipase, glucose
40
Osteoarthritis NEVER
NEVER PUT A PILLOW UNDER A NEW OPERATIVE KNEE (total knee arthroplasty) Early weight bearing exercises and flexing foot every hour
41
Rheumatoid Arthritis EDUCATION
RH: Rheumatoid Factor Swan-neck and Boutonniere deformity WARM SHOWER OR BATH BEFORE BED
42
Fractures
Spinal fracture: Neurogenic shock: Hypotension, Bradycardia Total hip arthroplasty: abducted legs with pillow between Bucks traction: used before surgery using weights
43
Compartment syndrome
Extremely painful condition when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels -cutting off flow and oxygen Unrelieved with morphine Paresthesia
44
Increased ICP (intracranial pressure)
S/s: sudden vomiting “emesis” without nausea -report to HCP Fixed and dilated pupils 8mm (2-6mm normal)
45
Autonomic Dysteflexia
Spinal cord injury above T-6 Causes: bladder distended, constipation, tight clothing S/s: hypertension, throbbing headache, bradycardia
46
Neuro Diseases
CNS: MS (body attacks myelin sheath) Parkinson’s (low dopamine, high acetylcholine) Alzheimer’s Huntington disease (genetic by one parent) PNS: MG (dry body and weak muscles like seizure) ALS (difficulty swallowing, respiratory problems) GB (ground up paralysis)
47
Urinary incontinence
Assist patient to toilet every 2 hours
48
Bronchoscopy POST PROCEDURE CARE
CALL HCP Stridor (laryngospasm) Bright red blood tinged sputum (hemoptysis)
49
COPD Deadly complications
Respiratory failure: Hypercapnic- priority is BiPap Report increase in sputum Diet: oral hygiene before meals to wake up taste buds Vaccines: Pneumococcal (every 5 years) Flu vaccine every year
50
Cystic Fibrosis NURSING CARE
Increase fluid intake Financial counseling (lifelong disease burden needs to be planned for)
51
Pleural effusion
Fluid in pleural space (15mls) Dull resonance on percussion
52
Pneumonia PREVENTION
Schedule follow up and chest X-Ray Pneumonia vaccine Early ambulation 8 hrs after surgery
53
TB: Tuberculosis
T: terrible cough “blood” tinged B: Bad infection (fever, night sweats) Positive Test: over 15mm induration (10mm for renal disease pt’s)
54
Tracheostomy care
Priority NEW TRACHEOSTOMY: Checking tightness of ties 1 finger to fit under ties

Adult Health Retake (5 decks)

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