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Adult Health Retake > List Of Diseases > Flashcards

List Of Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Fluid collection in the pericardial sac
Results in a dramatic drop in blood pressure

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2
Q

Cardiomyopathy
3 TYPES

A

D: dilated (distended heart muscles)
R: restrictive (rock hard heart muscles)
H: hypertrophic (huge trophy heart muscle)
Diagnosis: echocardiogram, angiography

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3
Q

Endocarditis
CAUSES

A

Inflammation inside the heart (either bacterial infection or just inflammation)
CAUSES: dirty needle, dental visits, untreated strep throat

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4
Q

Pericarditis
CAUSES

A

Can lead to cardiac tamponade (JVD, muffled heart sounds, drop in blood pressure 10mmHg)
CAUSES:
H: heart attack
A: autoimmune disorder
I: infection
R: renal failure

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5
Q

CHF: Heart failure

A

HF: Heavy Fluid (weight gain, water gain)
Daily weights: 3lbs/day or 5lbs/7 days

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6
Q

MI: myocardial infarction

A

Blockage of coronary arteries (lack of O2 to heart muscles lead to muscle deterioration)
Cathy lab: contract dye
Take nitroglycerin SUBLINGUAL ONLY (x3)
ANGIOPLASTY: NPO 6-12 hrs before

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7
Q

ADDison Disease
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
CRISIS

A

Absent steroids LOW
A: added tan
A: added potassium
D: decrease weight
D: decrease BP, hair, sugar and energy
S: sodium loss
S: salt craving
Adrenal crisis: PRIMARY ACTION: add steroids IV push

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8
Q

Cushing syndrome
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
TREATMENT

A

Cushion of steroids
C: cushion (moon face buffalo hump)
U: unusual hair growth
S: skin (purple striae, butterfly mark)
H: high sugar, BP, weight
Treatment: surgery (cut out tumor, slowly decrease steroids)

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9
Q

DI: Diabetes Insipidus
Treatment

A

DIE ADH (dry and high sodium with diuresis)
Drinking a lot
DesmoPRESSIN/VasoPRESSIN (decrease urine output increasing BP)
Has low specific gravity

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10
Q

SIADH
Causes

A

ADH: Adds Da H2O
S:Seizures kill
S: sodium low (headache)
S: stop all fluid, give salt, give diuretics
Causes: sepsis, severe brain trauma, small cell lung cancer
High specific gravity (thick syrup urine)

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11
Q

Diabetes
Lab values

A

Fasting: 126+
GTT: 200+
HgB (A1C): 6.5+

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12
Q

DKA
Signs/symptoms
Treatment

A

Die from hypokalemia
D: dry and high sugar
K: ketones and Kussmal respirations
A: abdominal pain
A: acidosis metabolic (hyperkalemia)
Treatment:
D: dehydration first
K: kill the sugar
A: add potassium even if normal (insulin brings sugar and potassium into the cell)

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13
Q

HNS
Signs/symptoms
Treatment

A

Die from Hypovolemia
H: high sugar
H: higher fluid loss and extreme dehydration
H: head change- LOC
N: no ketones
S: slower onset and stable potassium
Treatment;
H: hydration first, then hypotonic solution
S: stabilize sugars (insulin)

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14
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

High T3 and T4
G: grape eye (exophthalmos)
G: gold balls in throat
THYROID STORM: agitation and confusion

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15
Q

HypOthyroidism

A

HashimOtos
Low T3 and T4
LOW AND SLOW
MYXEDEMA COMA: RESPIRATORY FAILURE, low BP
TRACHEOSTOMY KIT BY BED

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16
Q

Hyperaldostronism

A

A: adds sodium and water IN
L: lets potassium K+ OUT
(Of body)

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17
Q

Appendicitis
INTERVENTION

A

Intervention:
NPO, IV Normal Saline
NEVER GIVE PAIN MEDS (until seen by surgeon)
Assist with early ambulation after surgery to prevent pneumonia

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18
Q

Colostomy and Ileostomy
DIET

A

Avoid high fiber
4-6 weeks Post-Op:
No broccoli
No cauliflower
No multigrain bread

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19
Q

Diverticulitis
LABS

A

LLQ pain
Labs: decrease H/H (blood)
LOW FIBER DIET until flare up calmed down then switch diet

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20
Q

Dumping syndrome
POST-OP CARE

A

Post-Op care:
Dihiscense/Evisceration: low Fowler’s with knees bent
Diet: high fiber, LIE DOWN AFTER EATING
REPORT ADVERSE EFFECTS TO HCP 30 minutes after eating

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21
Q

GERD

A

Dyspepsia: heart burn
Avoid laying down 3hrs after eating
Avoid: chocolate, peppermint, spearmint

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22
Q

GI Bleeds
INTERVENTION

A

Upper: gastritis, GERD, Peptic ulcer
Lower: Hemorrhoids, colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, colitis
Intervention:
Lower Head of bed
Blood transfusion

23
Q

GI Cancer

A

Colorectal Cancer (Colon: including large intestine and rectum):
Unexplained weight loss
Bleeding (low hematocrit, blood in stool)
Colonoscopy: NPO after midnight, polyethylene glycol)

24
Q

IBD: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
UC: Ulcerative Colitis:
BLOODY LIQUID STOOLS
CRohn’s Disease:
CRown’s Disease, Fatty and mucus in stool (no blood)
Involves entire layers

25
Q

IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

Diet: limit Legumes, Dairy, Fruits

26
Q

PUD: Peptic Ulcer Disease
Diagnosis

A

Gastric ulcer (stomach):
PAIN INCREASES WITH FOOD 30 minutes after meals
Duodenal Ulcer (intestine):
PAIN DECREASES WITH FOOD 2-3 hrs after meals
PAIN WORSE AT NIGHT
BLOOD IN STOOL (melena)
Diagnosis (EGD):
NPO 8 hrs before
Take laxatives

27
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction

A

Rapid Onset:
COLICKY “intermittent” abdominal pain

28
Q

Anemia

A

Sickle cell disease: SUDDEN inability to be aroused
Pernicious Anemia:
Can’t absorb Vitamin b12 (lack intrinsic factors) not administered orally (IM or IV only)

29
Q

Hemophilia

A

Hemophilia A:
Clotting Factor 8
Hemophilia B:
Clotting factor 9

30
Q

HIV

A

Virus that attacks immune system (weakens immune system)
Contact: blood, semen, vaginal fluids

31
Q

SLE: Lupus

A

Autoimmune disorder attacking itself causing inflammation (increased ESR and c reactive protein) resulting to organ failure
Trigger: 4 S’s
Butterfly rash

32
Q

Scleroderma

A

Rare Autoimmune disorder making too much collagen protein
APRIPT ONSET HYPERTENSION AND HEADACHE (ACE inhibitor med)
C: Calcinosis
R: Raynaud’s Phenomenon (CCB med)
E: Esophageal dysfunction
S: Sclerodactyly
T: Telangiectasia

33
Q

Steven Johnson Syndrome

A

Associated with reaction to medication
Interventions similar to severe burn patients
(warm room, eye lubrication)

34
Q

Eczema

A

Tepid sponge baths with soap
Apply moisturizer immediately after bathing
Cotten clothing (not wool clothing)

35
Q

Psoriasis

A

Autoimmune disorder attacking normal healthy tissue (rapid cell division of epidermis cells)
EXPOSURE TO SUN -good

36
Q

Cholecyctitis

A

Inflammation of gallbladder (typically from gallstones blocking ducts)
RUQ pain radiating to RIGHT shoulder
Post-Op: Assist with early ambulation

37
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Hepatic Encephalopathy: excess ammonia (cloudy brain, lactoLOSE)
4 major roles:
Producing: Albumin (binds with calcium), Bile (picks up bilirubin and excess cholesterol), Coagulation factors
Detoxing ammonia
Drug metabolism
Storing Glycogen

38
Q

Ascites=Paracentesis

A

A: Ascites
A: abdominal fluid
-empty bladder, measure abdominal circumference and weight

39
Q

Pancreatitis

A

LUQ pain radiates to the back
Causes:
ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (epigastric pain)
Elevated labs: lipase, glucose

40
Q

Osteoarthritis
NEVER

A

NEVER PUT A PILLOW UNDER A NEW OPERATIVE KNEE (total knee arthroplasty)
Early weight bearing exercises and flexing foot every hour

41
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis
EDUCATION

A

RH: Rheumatoid Factor
Swan-neck and Boutonniere deformity
WARM SHOWER OR BATH BEFORE BED

42
Q

Fractures

A

Spinal fracture:
Neurogenic shock: Hypotension, Bradycardia
Total hip arthroplasty: abducted legs with pillow between
Bucks traction: used before surgery using weights

43
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Extremely painful condition when pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels -cutting off flow and oxygen
Unrelieved with morphine
Paresthesia

44
Q

Increased ICP (intracranial pressure)

A

S/s: sudden vomiting “emesis” without nausea -report to HCP
Fixed and dilated pupils 8mm (2-6mm normal)

45
Q

Autonomic Dysteflexia

A

Spinal cord injury above T-6
Causes: bladder distended, constipation, tight clothing
S/s: hypertension, throbbing headache, bradycardia

46
Q

Neuro Diseases

A

CNS:
MS (body attacks myelin sheath)
Parkinson’s (low dopamine, high acetylcholine)
Alzheimer’s
Huntington disease (genetic by one parent)
PNS:
MG (dry body and weak muscles like seizure)
ALS (difficulty swallowing, respiratory problems)
GB (ground up paralysis)

47
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Assist patient to toilet every 2 hours

48
Q

Bronchoscopy
POST PROCEDURE CARE

A

CALL HCP
Stridor (laryngospasm)
Bright red blood tinged sputum (hemoptysis)

49
Q

COPD
Deadly complications

A

Respiratory failure: Hypercapnic- priority is BiPap
Report increase in sputum
Diet: oral hygiene before meals to wake up taste buds
Vaccines:
Pneumococcal (every 5 years)
Flu vaccine every year

50
Q

Cystic Fibrosis
NURSING CARE

A

Increase fluid intake
Financial counseling (lifelong disease burden needs to be planned for)

51
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid in pleural space (15mls)
Dull resonance on percussion

52
Q

Pneumonia
PREVENTION

A

Schedule follow up and chest X-Ray
Pneumonia vaccine
Early ambulation 8 hrs after surgery

53
Q

TB: Tuberculosis

A

T: terrible cough “blood” tinged
B: Bad infection (fever, night sweats)

Positive Test: over 15mm induration (10mm for renal disease pt’s)

54
Q

Tracheostomy care

A

Priority NEW TRACHEOSTOMY:
Checking tightness of ties
1 finger to fit under ties

Adult Health Retake (5 decks)

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