Listening Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is receiving?
The perception of sound waves
What is attention?
We select from numerous stimuli influenced by strength and sustainability
What are the 5 stages of listening?
Receiving, understanding, remembering, evaluating and feedback
What is understanding?
Analysing the meaning of what we perceive, in the given context
What is remembering?
Option to add to memory bank, short or long term memory
What is evaluation?
Active listener weighs evidence
What is response?
Feedback
What happens when we listen?
- Take in raw speech and retain phonological representation in working memory
- Organise content
- Recognise propositions of meaning
Define working memory
Short-term memory that deals with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing
Which structure is an utterance expected to follow?
SVO, subject, verb, object
Define garden path sentences
Sentences that violate syntactic principles and often mislead you
Define constituent
A ‘chunk’, where the pauses or emphasis is on a word/sentence
Define slips of the ear
Mis-hearing or mis-interpreting what you hear
What are the 5 typical slips of the ear?
Single consonant, two consonants, word substitutions, word boundary deletion, word boundary addition
What can we learn from slips of the ear?
- Helps us reconstruct strategies that listeners use
- Language learning teaching
- Tell us about historical change
What influences our interpretation of sounds?
How we say them
What is the Trace model of speech?
- We divide the signal by time slices
- Based on principles of interactive activation
- Processing takes place through interaction of a large number of simple units
- Each unit interacts with previous unit
What also aids our aural processing?
Lip movements
What is the McGurk effect?
Where the lip movements change the sounds that you are hearing as your brain interprets the visual information
What is voice onset time?
The time taken from start to end of a stop consonant being said
What happens when we hear a vowel?
What helps perception
We can perceive it on its own, but not a consonant
Context, Ganong effect, hear the sound that is normal not the one said eg. hear wood not woot
What is co-articulation?
Phonemes overlapping with eachother
What affects the phoneme sounds?
The sounds that come before and after
