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Listing Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

List shallow foundations.

A

Strip, pad and raft foundations. (Spread foundations)

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2
Q

List deep foundations.

A

Piles/columns.

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3
Q

What piles do low-rise and medium- to high-rise buildings use?

A

Low-rise:
-Short bored piles
Medium- to high- rise:
-Driven piles
-Driven cast-in-place concrete piles
-Bored piles

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4
Q

List types of pile tests.

A

Sonic test, pile load test, and standard penetration test (SPT).

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5
Q

List the criteria that the formation of building platforms by cutting (excavation) and filling must conform to.

A

Elevations, plan shapes, dimensions and falls.

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6
Q

List the major categories that fills can be divided into.

A

Control fills and random fills.

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7
Q

In control fills, what is prescribed and controlled during the working phase?

A

Constituents of the filling materials (types, mix, grading, and moisture content)
Means of compaction
Progress rate
Supervision
Field tests.

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8
Q

List the major types of retaining walls.

A

Gravity retaining walls
Cantilever retaining walls
and diaphragm retaining walls (commonly used for deep basement construction).

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9
Q

List the common forms of slope protection.

A

Rock facing
Gunite (Shotcrete)
Soil nails
Hydroseeding

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10
Q

What does the appropriate slope protection depend on?

A

Soil type(s) and conditions
Slope gradient
Location
Local climatic factors

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11
Q

List common examples of surface drains.

A

U-channels
Stepped channels
Catch pits

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12
Q

List the major types of excavation.

A

General excavation
Trench excavation
Deep excavation
Open cut excavation

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13
Q

List the functions that basements provide.

A

Extra rooms (like carpark, mechanical room and back-of-house)
Limit consolidation
Reduce differential settlement under buildings in which some parts are heavier than others
Exploit advantages of raft foundations

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14
Q

During and after basement construction, list the major functional requirements of basements.

A

Maintain the lateral thrust of mass of earth on the sides
Keep out water from the work
Provide mechanical ventilation and artificial lighting
Provide means of escape (MOE) in case of emergency (e.g. fire outbreak)
Provide fire compartmentation
Provide fire fighting measures

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15
Q

List what peripheral walls of a basement need to be able to do.

A

Resist overturning
Resist slide
Resist over-stressing in materials of the walls
In many cases, support vertical loads from the building above.

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16
Q

List the problems that deep excavation in urban areas present.

A

Presence of adjacent buildings, often old and fragile
Presence of streets or roads and underground services
Mechanical characteristics of the local subsoil
Lateral groundwater flow and level causing up-lift pressures (hydrostatic uplift) when groundwater table is higher than bottom of foundation level

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17
Q

List the types of temporary retaining structures.

A

Diaphragm wall (temporary or permanent)
Steel sheet piling
Soldier piles (aka Berlin method)

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18
Q

What is the construction process of diaphragm walls?

A
  1. Guide walls
  2. Trench excavation
  3. Stop ends and reinforcement cage
  4. Concreting
  5. Re-use of bentonite
  6. Ground anchors
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19
Q

List the methods that can be adopted to achieve watertight construction of basements.

A

Unlined concrete (integral waterproofing)
Lined construction with external tanking (external lining)
Lined construction with internal tanking (internal lining)

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20
Q

List the conventional construction materials for building structures.

A

Concrete
Formwork
Falsework
Reinforcement
Brickwork

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21
Q

List the materials used in the production of concrete.

A

Cement
Aggregate/sand
Water

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22
Q

List the commonly used aggregates.

A

Sand
Gravel
Crushed rocks

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23
Q

List the characteristics of concrete that are considered for engineering works.

A

Setting time (Initial and final)
Strength (7 day (65%) 28 day (99%))
Density (affected by types of aggregates used)
Workability (flowability and mouldability)
Resistance to sulphate (from subsoil) and/or acid (from rain) attack

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24
Q

List the potential hazards that green concrete must be protected from.

A

Excessive heat or cold
Excessive vibration
Excessive deflection/deformation
Excessive imposed loading

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25
In normal weather conditions, list the minimum striking period of temporary formwork and falsework.
9 - 12 hours for column, walls and side of large beams 11 - 14 days for the soffit of slabs 15 - 21 days for the soffit of beams 28 days for cantilever beams or slabs
26
List the major categories that reinforcing bars can be broadly divided into.
Mild steel bars (aka round bars) High yield bars (aka deformed/ribbed bars)
27
List the kind of bonds in brickwork laying.
Stretcher bond English bond Flemish bond
28
List the openings in solid walls.
Jambs Heal Sill Lintel
29
List the ways that brickwork can be finished.
Joining (carried out as the work proceeds) Pointing (carried out after completion) Dowel bars Brick meshes Damp-proof courses
30
List common materials of structural elements of typical high-rise buildings.
Reinforced concrete -Cast-in-situ concrete -Precast concrete Structural steel Combination of reinforced concrete and structural steel (composite elements/composite structure)
31
List three basic concepts of structure.
Skeletal structure Solid structure Surface structure
32
List the two broad groups of surface structures.
Those in which elements are made of thin plates of solid material which are given the necessary stiffness by being curved or bent Those in which elements consist of very thin flexible sheet membranes suspended or stretched in tension over supporting members.
33
List the functional requirements of structural walls.
Loading - dead load, live load, wind load Eccentric loading Buckling Overturning
34
List the purposes that load-bearing walls in low- and medium-rise residential buildings can serve.
Structural support Partitioning Fire compartmentation Noise barrier Thermal insulation
35
List the functional requirements of floor slabs.
Strong and stable Fire resisting Sound insulating Thermal insulating Damp and ground gas resisting
36
List the common forms of reinforced concrete floors.
In-situ cast floors -Plate floor -Flat slab floor -Tee-beam or ribbed floor -Rectangular grid floor -Transfer plate
37
List the ways that necessary stiffness or wind bracing can be obtained.
Deep beams/girders Brackets/gussets Diagonal bracings Shear walls
38
List the processes that influence the prestressed concrete design of the structure.
Pre-tensioning Post-tensioning
39
List the functional requirements of external walls.
Strength and stability Weather resistance Thermal insulation Fire resistance Sound insulation Aesthetical attraction Window area - for day-lighting and natural ventilation
40
List the kinds of load-bearing external walls.
Concrete wall with high concrete strength to support loading Panel wall
41
List the factors that the design of panel walls should take into account.
Dead weight of the wall Lateral pressure to be resisted High pressures and suction caused by wind near the eaves and corners of the building
42
List the types of exterior cladding.
Stainless steel cladding Fiber cement cladding Brick cladding Wooden cladding Stone cladding Vinyl cladding Aluminum cladding Curtain wall systems
43
List the functional requirements of roofs.
Strength and stability Weather resistance Thermal insulation Fire resistance Sound insulation Aesthetical attraction Sky-light - for day-lighting and natural ventilation
44
List the types of loads acting on a structure.
Dead loads Imposed loads Wind loads Snow loads Earthquake loads Special loads
45
List the factors important to keep the dead weight of a building to a minimum.
Characteristics of the materials to be used Form or shape of the roof
46
List the materials used for roofs of long spans.
Steel Concrete Aluminium Timber Plastics and glass fiber-reinforced plastics
47
List the types of structure available for long span of roof.
Space frame and other forms of grid structures Cable network structures Tent structures Shell barrel vaults Shell domes Folded slabs etc
48
List the two types of roofs.
Flat (< 10 degrees) Pitched (> 10 degrees)
49
List the things that make up the functional requirements of a roof.
Roof structure Roof covering (i.e. roof is a composite construction)
50
List the forms of roof insulation.
Air void (e.g. attic under pitched roof) Flexible insulation (e.g. mineral wool) Stiff insulation (e.g. extruded polystyrene foam board or wood wool slab)
51
List the materials that roof covering may be in the form of.
Asphalt Bitumen Waterproofing membrane (bitumen felt or plastic sheeting) Liquid coatings (e.g. polyurethane)
52
List the functional requirements of windows.
Provide natural sunlight Provide ventilation to the building Make a major contribution to the visual appearance of buildings but sometimes to obstruct views in
53
List the different types of windows.
Casement Tilt and turn Sash Sliding Bay Bow Skylight Transom
54
List the materials used in the construction of windows.
Timber Metal Aluminium PVC-U (not needed to know)
55
List the aluminium window finishes normally available.
Mill finish Anodized Organic Polyester powder coatings
56
List the factors that the design of windows can be affected by.
Aesthetical effects Requirements on thermal insulation and fire protection -Affected mainly by size, material & construction of building Requirements on ventilation and daylighting (distribution and intensity) -Affected mainly by size, shape, design and location of building Requirements on sound transmission -Affected mainly by size, shape, design and location of building Watertightness throughout its service life Observing the need for setting barriers to fire spreading from one building to another through openings
57
List the factors that the durability of a window depends on.
Characteristics of the different materials used for manufacture How they're prepared for the rigours encountered during their life Construction techniques used for installation Subsequent maintenance
58
List the types that internal partitions can be categorized under.
Concrete (reinforced or not) Brickwork Blockwork Drywall Demountable partitions
59
List the functional requirements of demountable partitions.
Appearance Demountability Partition strength Fire precautions Sound control Integration of services Durability and maintenance
60
List the performance requirements of doors.
Appearance Durability Fire resistance Strength and stability
61
List the categories that doors can be divided into.
Panel doors Flush doors
62
List the types of door facings for flush doors.
Hardboard Cheap ply facing Selected ply facing Grain printing on hardboard or ply Laminates, metal facing and hardwood veneer
63
List some ironmongery used in domestic and office construction.
Hinge Lock Latch Floor spring Overhead door closer Spring hinge Window stays and fasteners Bolts Miscellaneous items
64
List the common plastering systems.
Lime plaster Cement/lime plaster Gypsum plaster
65
Sand used for plastering must be:
Hard Clean Free from sea salts Clay pellets
66
If the sand used for plastering is not up to standard, it will adversely affect:
Strength Hardening Appearance Durability Cause efflorescence and recurrent dampness in the plasterwork
67
List the functions served by false ceilings.
Reduction of room height Provision of decorative planes Concealment of services Protection of structure and/or services against fire Providing thermal insulation Providing an integration means for the installation of lighting, fire services and HVAC fixtures Contribution to sound control
68
List the functional requirements of false ceilings.
Appearance Weight Accessibility Fire protection Noise control Durability and maintenance
69
What are the types of false ceilings?
Frame and panel system Linear strip system Louvre and open strip system Integrated service system
70
What are the fixing methods for ceiling panels? (frame and panel systems)
Exposed fixing Concealed fixing Clip fixing Screw fixing
71
Why are floor screeds provided?
Provide levelling surface to receive the top wearing surface Provide room for housing of E&M service pipes, ducts, trunkings and conduits Make up floor levels to suit the requirement of the situation Provide falls
72
Why are surface finishes used?
Provide attractive appearance Protect structural floor from wearing or corrosion (due to water or chemicals) Provide comfortable and safe surface, such as non-slipperiness, electrostatic free, warmth, quietness, resilience Provide additional functions, e.g. waterproofing, sound absorption, sound attenuation, etc.
73
What would the appropriate type of finishes depend on?
Functional requirements Cost considerations Construction methods Speed of construction
74
What is the purpose of painting?
Protection Cleaniness Decoration

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