Lit and Arts Final

Question 1

The Myth of Kojiki

Answer 1

Oldest Japanese literature
Afirms animism
Explains why a family has power, descendent from God

Question 2

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 2

Eye for eye principle “talion,” formalizes the legal code via writing, has modern implications, sets legal precedence

1750 BC

Question 3

Epic Poetry

Answer 3

God-like main character, gods/goddesses and the supernatural, journey “finding oneself,” invocation of the muses

Question 4

Epic of Gilgamesh

Answer 4

Summary: Gilgamesh is a demigod who must confront his mortality after the death of his friend.
Written to educate Babylon students.
Emphasizes the existential questions of life; proto-epic

Question 5

Athens and Sparta

Answer 5

Difference between the treatment of women
Differing value systems; the core of the culture (war vs. learning); Sparta (land power) + Athens (land power) PP War
Government structure (Athens – quasi-democracy) Sparta (two kings – death potential)

Question 6

Roman Empire

Answer 6

Romulus and Remus (raised by she-wolf, brother kills other brother–founds Roman Empire)

Question 7

Sappho

Answer 7

Lesbian poet; romantic poet; lauded as a talented poet by fellow writers; innovated poetic forms

Question 8

Homer

Answer 8

Wrote The Iliad (Achilles) and The Odyssey (Odysseus)

Established epic poetry as a genre

Universal themes and “everyman” experience

Question 9

Antigone

Answer 9

Written by Sopholces

Antigone tries to bury her brother, but King Creon objects, which leads to death via suicide for several characters

Suicide is viewed as uncommon and taboo, not honorable or noble

Question 10

The Aeneid

Answer 10

Written by Virgil
Aeneas is the central figure

Establishing the Roman Empire is his primary quest

Dido is Aeneas’ love interest, she dramatically lights herself on fire upon his leaving her

Question 11

Hinduism

Answer 11

Polytheism; caste system; Vishnu; reincarnation; yoga/meditation

Question 12

Bhagavad-Gita

Answer 12

Discussion of the ethicality of war and its familial and societal repercussions (is war ever justified? Should we fight against our own family members?)

Question 13

Confucius

Answer 13

Prominent intellectual figure and teacher

Stressed the importance of social decorum.

Snippets of sayings written down

Worshiped as a deity eventually

Question 14

Chinese Dynasties

Answer 14

Zhou Dynasty - “Mandate of Heaven”
Manifest heaven, saying they were told they were told to rule

Qin Dynasty - Ego obsessed (1st emperor), didn’t like discourse
Unification of currency and measurement

Han Dynasty - a commoner who ruled, Liu bang
Emperor Wu: Confuscious fan boy

Question 15

Emperor Xuanzong

Answer 15

Tang Empire for 44 years
Infatuated with his concubine, Yang
Two coups before the emperor, attempted to be assassinated many times in his reign

Question 16

Li Bai

Answer 16

“The Banished Immortal”

Habitual alcoholic

The nomadic way of life, wandering around

Question 17

Du Fu

Answer 17

“Poet-Historian”

Best Chinese poet along with Li Bai

He was not a successful poet during his day

Poem themes: poverty, civil strife, impacts of war, society vs nature, family, exile

Question 18

The Thousand and One Nights

Answer 18

Narrative framework of stories to prolong the life of a woman married to a king who insists on killing his wives nightly

Question 19

The History of my Misfortunes

Answer 19

Written by Peter Anelard
He wrote about his life, apparently to make Christians feel better about their own lives.

Question 20

Gothic Archetecture

Answer 20

Asymmetrical
No sense of unity
Pointed arches

Question 21

Romance writing

Answer 21

Transition to common language

Question 22

Beowulf

Answer 22

Oral tradition, recorded no known singular author

Germanic pagan myth into Christian medieval

Theme: Community vs isolation, honor, and courage, man vs monster, king and warrior

Question 23

Song of Roland

Answer 23

An oral tale was written down in the 11th-12th century

Fictionalized account of the Crusades

Christian vs Muslim influences in the Middle Ages
tragedy of blood feuds
victory over paganism and for Christendom

Question 24

Courtly Love

Answer 24

Love outside of marriabge

Idealization of usually platonic relationship between a marriage noble woman and “vessel” knight.

Devotion to woman through chivalry, service, and bravery

Question 25

Chivalry

Question 26

Marie de Navarre

Question 27

Hildegard of Bingen

Answer 27

Received mystics and visions Prolific writer Called herself the mouthpiece of God

Question 28

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Answer 28

English noblewoman, married to the king's son, Louis VII at 13 Married Ex's rival at 26, King Henry II

Question 29

Inferno

Answer 29

1300s By Dante Alighieri Divine Comedy (doesn't end in tragedy) 3 stages: Ingerno, purgatorio, paradiso Inferno has 3 sections of 33 verses each.

Question 30

The Canterbury Tales

Answer 30

1300s By Geoffrey Chaucer Framework narrative Traits are opposite to what would be expected.

Question 31

Renaissance Art

Answer 31

Patron model Meant to honor God

Question 32

Chiarscuro

Answer 32

Use of extreme dark and light to create vivid contrast

Question 33

Sfmuato

Answer 33

Subtle blending of light and dark to create dimensionality

Question 34

Cangiante

Answer 34

Using a different color  to represent light and dark shades for the same object

Question 35

Unione

Answer 35

Balancing shading with brightness by softening edges

Question 36

Patronage model / important patrons

Answer 36

During this time, patrons were the recipients of praise for their artistic commissions Rivalries emerged between guilds, cities, and families Important Patrons: Medici family (rulers of Florence), Gonzaga (rules of Mantua), Pope (Sistine Chapel)

Question 37

Spanish Renaissance

Answer 37

Persecution especially towards Jews and Muslims (some protestants). Highly religious art El Greco

Question 38

Don Quixote

Answer 38

By Miguel de Cervantes First Western Novel Character is Chivalrous to a fault Unreliable narrator Use of irony, Don Quixote is not very smart, his squire is smarter.

Question 39

Chinese Ceramic styles

Answer 39

Borrowed shape and design from Islamic World Bureau of Design upheld standards of decoration for imperial production in ceramics, textiles, metalwork, and lacquer.

Question 40

Influence of Chinese art in Japan

Answer 40

Synthesizing Chinese art style with Japanese symbols and representations

Question 41

Three perfections of art

Answer 41

1) Caligraphy 2) Poetry 3) Painting

Question 42

"collabrative art"

Answer 42

Japanese (and Chinese?) added own notes/descriptions to poems/artworks.

Question 43

Sesshu Toyo

Answer 43

Most acclaimed Japanese Ink artists Splashed ink/broken ink technique Zen Buddhist monk

Question 44

"imperfect" art popularity

Question 45

Muradiye Mosque

Answer 45

Built during the Ottoman Empire by Murad II First convent-mosque built for Mevlevis, a Sufi order that performs elaborate dancing and recitation rituals Features elaborate mihrab (niche in the wall of a mosque) with cuerda seca tiles

Question 46

Ardabil carpet

Answer 46

Oldest carpet (946 AD, and expanded in 1530) Probably took 4 years to make Focus on integrated artwork

Question 47

Who is Didos?

Answer 47

Aeneas’ love interest. She dramatically lights herself on fire upon his leaving her.

Question 48

Who is King Creon

Answer 48

Antigones Uncle

Question 49

El Greco

Answer 49

Greek painter, with his headquarters in Spain. Had a unique painting style, less focus of anatomically correct forms.

Question 50

Miguel de Cervantes

Answer 50

1500s and 1600s Wrote Don Quixote, losely based on his own life.

Question 51

Geoffrey Chaucer

Answer 51

Wrote Cantubury Tales Politically savvy man Lived through tumultuous times Had a day job

Question 52

Dante Alighieri

Answer 52

1265-1321 Wrote the divine comedy Exiled from Florence Belief in the separation of church and state

Question 53

Who is Peter Abelard?

Answer 53

1079-1142 Wrote History of My Misfortunes Philosopher and teacher 1st person to use modern theology (whatever that means)

Question 54

Who is the Dimiche family?

Answer 54

An important figure in Renaissance art commissioned a lot of art

Question 55

Marie de France

Answer 55

Unknown identity, but is highly educated First woman to write poetry in French Romance Poetry Themes of courtly love being exposed, double edge sword, damaging to those around.