Literary Movements Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
What is the focus of Romanticism?
A
Emotion, nature, individualism
Romanticism celebrates the emotional side, defying logic and reason to let passion guide.
2
Q
What is the time period of Romanticism?
A
roman1790 Late 18th century to mid-19th century (roughly 1790-1850)
Romanticism emphasizes the beauty of nature and deep emotions.
3
Q
Name a famous work of Romanticism.
A
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
These works exemplify the themes of emotion and nature in Romantic literature.
4
Q
What is the focus of Postmodernism?
A
Skepticism, irony, questioning truths
Postmodernism says, ‘Truth’s a blur, we question everything; we’re unsure.’
5
Q
What is the time period of Postmodernism?
A
POST WAR
1905s (mid-20th century) to present
This period is characterized by a questioning of established narratives.
6
Q
Name a famous work of Postmodernism.
A
Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut, Beloved by Toni Morrison
These works illustrate the themes of reality and truth in Postmodern literature.
7
Q
What is the focus of Neoclassicism?
A
Order, reason, classical ideals
Neoclassicism is form and grace, with reason as the guiding base.
8
Q
What is the time period of Neoclassicism?
A
NEO-16 CLASS-18
Late 17th century to early 19th century (roughly 1660-1800)
This period emphasizes the principles of ancient Greek and Roman literature.
9
Q
Name a famous work of Neoclassicism.
A
The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope, Paradise Lost by John Milton
These works reflect the ideals of reason and order in Neoclassical literature.
10
Q
What is the focus of Existentialism?
A
Freedom, choice, meaning in life
Existentialism asks, ‘What’s the point of life? It’s up to you to decide, despite all the strife.’
11
Q
What is the time period of Existentialism?
A
WAR TIME = EXIT Mid-20th century (roughly 1940-1960)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaDvRdLMkHs
This period deals with questions of existence and personal meaning.
12
Q
Name a famous work of Existentialism.
A
The Stranger by Albert Camus, Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett
These works highlight the themes of choice and meaning in Existential literature.
13
Q
What does Gothic Literature focus on?
A
Dark, mysterious, supernatural elements, fear, death, and the grotesque
Gothic tales are eerie, full of dread, where mystery and fear are widely spread.
14
Q
Name a famous work of Gothic Literature.
A
Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, Dracula by Bram Stoker, The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe
These works exemplify the themes of fear and the supernatural in Gothic literature.
15
Q
What is the focus of Realism?
A
Everyday life, social issues, and ordinary people
Realism’s no fantasy, it’s life as we see, with all its flaws and raw honesty.
16
Q
Name a famous work of Realism.
A
Madame Bovary by Gustave Flaubert, Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
These works capture the essence of Realism by depicting life without embellishment.
17
Q
What is the focus of Modernism?
A
New ideas, experimenting and breaking traditional forms
18
Q
Name a famous work of Modernism.
A
The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ulysses by James Joyce
These works explore themes of alienation and disillusionment in the modern world.
19
Q
What is the focus of Naturalism?
A
Naturalism be like: Life’s a brutal, uncontrollable mess where fate, biology, and society got you trapped—no happy endings, just survival (or not).
Lord of the flies
20
Q
Name a famous work of Naturalism.
A
The Call of the Wild by Jack London dog goes crazy, Germinal by Émile Zola french dude rebels all mine goes on strike then they die but the idea is germinated Lord of the Flies by William Golding
Naturalism at its grittiest—no sugarcoating, just the raw, ugly truth of poverty, power, and survival.
21
Q
What is the focus of Transcendentalism?
A
Nature, individualism, and spirituality
Trust in yourself, nature’s the guide, where truth and spirit are deep inside.
22
Q
Name a famous work of Transcendentalism.
A
Walden by Henry David Thoreau, Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson
These works emphasize the importance of individual intuition and nature.
23
Q
What is the focus of Surrealism?
A
Combines dream-like, illogical, and fantastical elements with reality
In surrealist worlds, logic’s untrue, where dreams and reality twist and brew.
24
Q
Name a famous work of Surrealism.
A
The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka
This work exemplifies the blending of dream and reality in Surrealist literature.
25
What is a vignette?
A brief, descriptive scene or moment that captures a feeling or atmosphere
## Footnote
"milk and honey" by Rupi Kaur is a perfect modern example of vignette-style poetry — short, raw, emotional snapshots. They're like poetic vignettes:
minimal words, maximum feeling.
26
Name a famous example of a vignette.
The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros
## Footnote
This work uses vignettes to portray snapshots of life and character.
27
What are the main themes of Post-Colonial literature?
- Identity
- Cultural conflict
- Imperialism
- Effects of colonialism on both colonizers and the colonized
| Pocahontas
## Footnote
Characteristics include themes of oppression, resistance, decolonization, and the search for identity in post-colonial societies.
28
What are the key works of Post-Colonial literature?
*Things Fall Apart* by Chinua Achebe
*Wide Sargasso Sea* by Jean Rhys
## Footnote
Notable authors include Chinua Achebe, Jean Rhys, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, and Salman Rushdie.
29
What are the key ideas of Feminist literature?
- Gender equality
- Women's rights
- Female identity
- Critique of patriarchal structures
## Footnote
Characteristics focus on women’s experiences, challenging traditional gender roles and advocating for social change.
30
What are the key works of Feminist literature?
*The Second Sex* by Simone de Beauvoir
*The Feminine Mystique* by Betty Friedan
## Footnote
Notable authors include Virginia Woolf (*A Room of One’s Own*), Toni Morrison (*Beloved*), and Simone de Beauvoir.
31
What is Confessional poetry?
- Introspection
- Personal trauma
- Mental health
- Family
- Sexuality
## Footnote
Characteristics include being highly personal and introspective, often revealing the poet’s inner turmoil and struggles.
32
What are the key works of Confessional poetry?
*Ariel* by Sylvia Plath
*Life Studies* by Robert Lowell
## Footnote
Notable authors include Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, and Robert Lowell.
33
What defines Southern Gothic literature?
- Decay
- Violence
- Family dysfunction
- Grotesque elements
## Footnote
Characteristics often include dark, oppressive atmospheres and complex, morally ambiguous characters.
34
What are the key works of Southern Gothic literature?
*The Sound and the Fury* by William Faulkner
*A Streetcar Named Desire* by Tennessee Williams
## Footnote
Notable authors include William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, and Carson McCullers.
35
How did Modernist poets break away from traditional poetry forms?
- Alienation
- Fragmented identity
- Disillusionment
- Loss of traditional values
## Footnote
Characteristics include experimentation with form, free verse, stream of consciousness, and the use of symbolism.
36
What are the key works of Modernist poetry?
*The Waste Land* by T.S. Eliot
*In a Station of the Metro* by Ezra Pound
## Footnote
Notable authors include T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and William Carlos Williams.
37
What are the defining features of Minimalist literature?
- Simplicity
- Restraint
- Exploration of everyday life
## Footnote
Characteristics include short, concise sentences, sparse details, and a focus on the mundane aspects of life.
38
What are the key works of Minimalist literature?
*Cat's Cradle* by Kurt Vonnegut
*Hills Like White Elephants* by Ernest Hemingway
## Footnote
Notable authors include Raymond Carver, Ernest Hemingway, and Kurt Vonnegut.
39
What was the focus of Beat poetry?
- Rebellion against societal norms
- Personal freedom
- Experimentation with drugs and spirituality
## Footnote
Characteristics include raw, spontaneous writing, often focused on counterculture themes and jazz rhythms.
40
What are the key works of Beat poetry?
*Howl* by Allen Ginsberg
*On the Road* by Jack Kerouac
## Footnote
Notable authors include Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and Gregory Corso.
41
What is the essence of Dadaism in literature?
- Absurdity
- Anti-art
- Randomness
- Questioning of logic
## Footnote
Characteristics embrace absurdity, rejecting conventional aesthetics and often involve nonsensical language and forms.
42
What are the key works of Dadaism?
*Dada Almanach* by Hugo Ball
*The Gas Heart* by Tristan Tzara
## Footnote
Notable authors include Tristan Tzara, Hugo Ball, and Marcel Duchamp.
43
What are the major themes in Surrealist literature?
- Dream-like states
- The unconscious mind
- Blurring of reality and imagination
## Footnote
Characteristics include illogical scenes, bizarre images, and the expression of inner psychological states.
44
What are the key works of Surrealist literature?
*Nadja* by André Breton
*The Metamorphosis* by Franz Kafka
## Footnote
Notable authors include André Breton and Franz Kafka.
45
What defines New Journalism in literature?
- Reporting the news with a narrative style
- Blending fact and fiction
## Footnote
Characteristics include adopting literary techniques such as dialogue, scene setting, and character development, typically used in fiction.
46
What are the key works of New Journalism?
*In Cold Blood* by Truman Capote
*The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test* by Tom Wolfe
## Footnote
Notable authors include Truman Capote, Hunter S. Thompson, and Tom Wolfe.
47
What defines Magical Realism in literature?
- Coexistence of magical or supernatural events in a realistic setting
## Footnote
Characteristics include blending of reality and fantasy, where extraordinary events are described in ordinary language.
48
What are the key works of Magical Realism?
*One Hundred Years of Solitude* by Gabriel García Márquez
*The House of the Spirits* by Isabel Allende
## Footnote
Notable authors include Gabriel García Márquez, Isabel Allende, and Salman Rushdie.
49
What defines the Medieval period in literature?
- **Themes:** Focused on religion, chivalry, morality, and feudal society.
- **Characteristics:** Dominated by oral tradition, allegories, and religious narratives. Literature often focused on Christian themes, heroes, and the afterlife.
- **Key Works:** *Beowulf*, *The Divine Comedy* by Dante.
- **Notable Authors:** Geoffrey Chaucer (*The Canterbury Tales*), Thomas Malory (*Le Morte d'Arthur*).
## Footnote
The Medieval period spans from 500 to 1500.
50
What were the key features of Renaissance literature?
- **Themes:** Humanism, the revival of classical antiquity, focus on reason, individualism, and the human experience.
- **Characteristics:** Emphasis on the potential of human achievement, questioning religious dogma.
- **Key Works:** *The Prince* by Machiavelli, *Hamlet* by Shakespeare.
- **Notable Authors:** William Shakespeare, John Milton (*Paradise Lost*), Edmund Spenser (*The Faerie Queene*).
## Footnote
The Renaissance period occurred from 1500 to 1670.
51
What are the key ideas of Enlightenment literature?
- **Themes:** Reason, logic, science, secularism, and the belief in human progress.
- **Characteristics:** Focus on individual rights, democracy, and the separation of church and state. Literature aimed to educate and provoke thought through reason and debate.
- **Key Works:** *Candide* by Voltaire, *The Social Contract* by Rousseau.
- **Notable Authors:** Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, Denis Diderot.
## Footnote
The Enlightenment period spans from 1700 to 1800.
52
What are the defining characteristics of Romanticism in literature?
- **Themes:** Emphasis on emotion, nature, individualism, the sublime, and the supernatural.
- **Characteristics:** A reaction against the Enlightenment’s rationalism; focus on imagination and personal experience.
- **Key Works:** *Frankenstein* by Mary Shelley, *The Rime of the Ancient Mariner* by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
- **Notable Authors:** William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley.
## Footnote
The Romantic period lasted from 1790 to 1840.
53
What are the core beliefs of Transcendentalism?
- **Themes:** Focus on self-reliance, nature, and the inherent goodness of people. Emphasized intuition and spiritual connection to the universe.
- **Characteristics:** Rejection of materialism and organized religion, belief in individual freedom and nonconformity.
- **Key Works:** *Walden* by Thoreau, *Self-Reliance* by Emerson.
- **Notable Authors:** Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.
## Footnote
The Transcendentalism movement occurred between 1830 and 1860.
54
How does Realism differ from Romanticism?
- **Themes:** Focus on the everyday lives of ordinary people, often with a focus on social issues and inequalities.
- **Characteristics:** Detailed, accurate portrayal of life without idealization, often focusing on the lower or middle class.
- **Key Works:** *The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn* by Mark Twain, *The Grapes of Wrath* by John Steinbeck.
- **Notable Authors:** Mark Twain, Henry James, Leo Tolstoy, Charles Dickens.
## Footnote
The Realism movement spanned from 1820 to 1920.
55
What are the characteristics of Victorian literature?
- **Themes:** Industrialization, social reform, moral and ethical struggles. A focus on proper conduct, social classes, and gender roles.
- **Characteristics:** Highly moralistic, with a concern for social progress and individual rights.
- **Key Works:** *Jane Eyre* by Charlotte Brontë, *Great Expectations* by Charles Dickens.
- **Notable Authors:** Charles Dickens, the Brontë sisters, George Eliot.
## Footnote
The Victorian period lasted from 1837 to 1901.
56
How does Naturalism compare to Realism?
- **Themes:** Influence of environment, heredity, and social conditions on human behavior, often depicting the darker sides of life.
- **Characteristics:** A more scientific, deterministic view of human nature, portraying characters as products of their environment.
- **Key Works:** *The Jungle* by Upton Sinclair, *The Call of the Wild* by Jack London.
- **Notable Authors:** Emile Zola, Stephen Crane, Frank Norris.
## Footnote
The Naturalism movement occurred from 1870 to 1920.
57
What are the key ideas of Existentialist literature?
- **Themes:** The absurdity of life, freedom of choice, isolation, and the search for meaning in a meaningless world.
- **Characteristics:** Often focuses on individual freedom, the weight of choices, and the alienation of the modern human condition.
- **Key Works:** *The Stranger* by Albert Camus, *Being and Nothingness* by Jean-Paul Sartre.
- **Notable Authors:** Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus.
## Footnote
Existentialism has been prominent from 1850 to the present.
58
What was the Bloomsbury Group known for?
- **Themes:** Intellectual discussions, modernism, rejecting Victorian norms, and exploring sexuality and gender roles.
- **Characteristics:** A group of writers, artists, and intellectuals who explored new ideas on art, culture, and society.
- **Key Works:** *Mrs. Dalloway* by Virginia Woolf, *A Room of One’s Own* by Virginia Woolf.
- **Notable Figures:** Virginia Woolf, E.M. Forster, John Maynard Keynes.
## Footnote
The Bloomsbury Group was active from 1830 to 1964.
59
What are the main characteristics of the Beat Generation?
- **Themes:** Rebellion, spiritual exploration, non-conformity, experimentation with drugs, and alternative lifestyles.
- **Characteristics:** Often focused on exploring spirituality, the search for personal freedom, and critiquing modern society.
- **Key Works:** *On the Road* by Jack Kerouac, *Howl* by Allen Ginsberg.
- **Notable Authors:** Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs.
## Footnote
The Beat Generation lasted from 1945 to 1965.
60
How is Modernist literature distinct from earlier periods?
- **Themes:** Alienation, fragmentation, the disillusionment of war, the breakdown of traditional values.
- **Characteristics:** Use of stream-of-consciousness, fragmented narratives, and experimental forms.
- **Key Works:** *Ulysses* by James Joyce, *The Waste Land* by T.S. Eliot.
- **Notable Authors:** Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, T.S. Eliot.
## Footnote
The Modernism movement occurred from 1900 to 1940.
61
What is the significance of the Harlem Renaissance?
- **Themes:** Celebration of African American culture, racial pride, and the contributions of Black artists and writers.
- **Characteristics:** Jazz influence, poetry, art, and the flowering of Black intellectual and artistic life.
- **Key Works:** *The Souls of Black Folk* by W.E.B. Du Bois, *Their Eyes Were Watching God* by Zora Neale Hurston.
- **Notable Authors:** Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay.
## Footnote
The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s and 1930s.
62
What is a key feature of Postmodernist literature?
- **Themes:** Metafiction, irony, playfulness, and questioning of traditional narratives and grand narratives.
- **Characteristics:** Blurring of genre lines, self-referential texts, intertextuality, and skepticism towards objective truths.
- **Key Works:** *Slaughterhouse-Five* by Kurt Vonnegut, *The Crying of Lot 49* by Thomas Pynchon.
- **Notable Authors:** Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Don DeLillo.
## Footnote
Postmodernism has been relevant from 1945 to the present.
63
What are the key elements of Gothic literature?
- **Themes:** Dark, mysterious settings, the supernatural, decay, and the grotesque.
- **Characteristics:** Often set in gloomy castles or isolated environments, with an atmosphere of horror or fear.
- **Key Works:** *Frankenstein* by Mary Shelley, *Dracula* by Bram Stoker.
- **Notable Authors:** Edgar Allan Poe, Mary Shelley, Bram Stoker.
## Footnote
Gothic literature emerged from 1764 to the 1890s.
64
What is the Civil War Period known for?
A transitional period between Romanticism and Realism. Marked by introspection, nature’s details, and legends like Paul Bunyan and Pecos Bill. Writers include Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, and Mark Twain.
65
What time frame does the Romantic Period in American literature cover?
1820-1860s
66
What are the main characteristics of the Romantic Period?
Reaction against rationalism/materialism, emphasizing imagination, emotion, and intuition.
67
Which writers are associated with the Romantic Period?
* Nathaniel Hawthorne
* Herman Melville
* Edgar Allan Poe
* Emily Dickinson
* Walt Whitman
* Frederick Douglass
* Ralph Waldo Emerson
* Henry David Thoreau
68
What is the American Renaissance?
A burst of American literature from 1830-1860, featuring writers like Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman, Hawthorne, and Melville.
69
What themes did the American Renaissance focus on?
Emotion, inner feelings, and creating democratic, accessible literature.
70
What is a key feature of Twentieth Century Literature?
Focused on questioning accepted values, alienation from materialism, and complexity of the human mind.
71
Which historical figures influenced Twentieth Century Literature?
* Sigmund Freud
* Karl Marx
* Albert Einstein
72
What is significant about the Nationalist Period (1828-1836)?
Known for works like Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales, Irving's 'Rip Van Winkle,' and Poe's 'The Raven.' Featured exploration of American themes.
73
Define the Modern Era in literature.
From the Industrial Revolution to mid-20th century, focused on efficiency, individualism, and rational order.
74
What did the Modernist movement emphasize?
Experimentation and loss of tradition.
75
Which playwrights are associated with early American drama?
* Arthur Miller
* Tennessee Williams
76
What themes are emphasized in early American drama?
Strong conflict and the 4th wall.
77
What are the characteristics of Medieval Literature?
Included courtly romance, Arthurian legends, and works like 'The Canterbury Tales.'
78
What themes are prevalent in American Poetry?
* American landscapes
* Political philosophy
* Moral boundaries
79
What defines Native American Literature?
Primarily oral, conveyed myths and history through stories, focusing on the relationship between humans and nature.
80
What is the origin of African-American Literature?
Began with slave poetry by figures like Jupiter Hammon and Phillis Wheatley.
81
What cultural movement characterized the 1920s for African-American literature?
Harlem Renaissance
82
What is the focus of Latino Literature?
Retaining cultural heritage and sharing struggles for recognition and survival.
83
What defines Surrealism in literature?
A movement that used unexpected juxtapositions and fantasy to express unconscious thoughts and dreams.
84
What is the time frame of the Old English Period?
450-1066 AD
85
What significant work is associated with the Old English Period?
'Beowulf'
86
What characterized the Elizabethan Period?
A flourishing of culture during Elizabeth I’s reign, with writers like Shakespeare and Marlowe.
87
What is notable about the Tudor Period?
Marked by the rise of nationalism and the first commercial publication of books.
88
What era does the Patristic Period cover?
70 CE - 455 CE
89
Which writers were prominent during the Classical Roman Period?
* Virgil
* Cicero
* Ovid
90
What defines Caribbean Literature?
Written in Spanish, French, or English, influenced by African traditions and expressions.
91
What are the key themes of European Literature around the turn of the 20th century?
* Realism
* Existentialism
* Modernism
92
What is known about Ancient Greece literature?
Known as the Golden Age, with works from Aesop, Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle.
93
What is the focus of the Heroic/Homeric Period?
Works of Homer, such as 'The Iliad' and 'The Odyssey,' focusing on heroism and fate.
94
What themes were explored during the Classical Roman Period?
* Duty
* Honor
* Roman way of life
95
What does the Modernist Movement reject?
Traditional forms and embraces experimentation.
96
Fill in the blank: The Modernist Movement focuses on _______.
[disillusionment, alienation, and new artistic expression]
97
Famous Literary Movements in Order
Never Rest, Make Progress
1. Neoclassicism (17th–18th century)
• Focus: Reason, order, classical influences (Ancient Greece/Rome).
• Key authors: Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift.
2. Romanticism (Late 18th–19th century)
• Focus: Emotion, imagination, nature, individualism.
• Key authors: William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley.
3. Realism (Mid-19th century)
• Focus: Depiction of everyday life, social issues, and realism.
• Key authors: Gustave Flaubert, Henry James.
4. Modernism (Late 19th–Mid-20th century)
• Focus: Fragmentation, disillusionment, experimentation.
• Key authors: T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, James Joyce.
5. Postmodernism (Mid-20th century–Present)
• Focus: Irony, paradox, metafiction, rejection of absolute truths.
• Key authors: Thomas Pynchon, Don DeLillo.
98
What is the main focus of the Medieval Period in literature and culture?
Religion, feudalism, chivalry, and the preservation of ancient knowledge, with heavy influence from the Church.
99
What is the main theme of the Renaissance period?
A revival of classical learning and humanism, focusing on human potential, individuality, and exploration of art, science, and literature.
100
Name two major authors or figures from the Renaissance.
* William Shakespeare
* Niccolò Machiavelli
101
What sparked the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century?
Martin Luther's 95 Theses, challenging the Catholic Church's practices and the idea of salvation through faith alone.
102
Who were the key figures in the Protestant Reformation?
* Martin Luther
* John Calvin
103
What characterized the Baroque Period in art and literature?
Emotional expression, grandeur, and dramatic contrast, with an emphasis on tension and movement.
104
Name two major figures from the Baroque period.
* John Milton (Paradise Lost)
* Caravaggio (visual artist)
105
What was the focus of the Age of Discovery?
European exploration and the search for new trade routes, leading to the expansion of empires and interaction with new cultures.
106
Name a famous explorer from the Age of Discovery.
Christopher Columbus
107
What key movements or developments occurred during the Early Modern Period?
* The rise of the Scientific Revolution
* Modern philosophy
* Enlightenment ideas
108
Name two important figures from the Early Modern Period.
* Copernicus (heliocentric theory)
* Galileo Galilei (advancements in physics and astronomy)
109
What is the main focus of the Enlightenment?
Reason, science, individual rights, and the challenge to traditional authorities like the Church and monarchy.
110
Name two major figures of the Enlightenment.
* Voltaire
* John Locke
111
What are the main themes of Romanticism?
* Emotion
* Nature
* The sublime
* Individualism
* Rebellion against the rationality of the Enlightenment
112
Name a famous poet from the Romantic period.
* William Wordsworth
* Lord Byron
113
What is a key characteristic of literature from the Victorian era?
Social commentary, focus on moral issues, and the impacts of industrialization and class disparity.
114
Name a famous Victorian writer.
* Charles Dickens (A Tale of Two Cities)
* The Brontë sisters
115
What is a defining characteristic of Modernism in literature and culture?
A break with traditional forms, experimentation with narrative structures, and a focus on the individual's experience in a rapidly changing world.
116
Name a famous Modernist author.
* James Joyce (Ulysses)
* Virginia Woolf (Mrs. Dalloway)
117
What is the main focus of Postmodernism?
Skepticism towards grand narratives, playfulness, irony, and mixing of high and low culture, questioning reality and truth.
118
Name a famous Postmodern writer.
* Thomas Pynchon (Gravity’s Rainbow)
* Don DeLillo (White Noise)
119
What is the core philosophy of Existentialism?
The belief that life has no inherent meaning, and it is up to the individual to create their own purpose and meaning through choice.
120
Name a famous Existentialist author.
* Jean-Paul Sartre (Nausea)
* Albert Camus (The Stranger)
121
What did the Age of Enlightenment emphasize in philosophy?
* Reason
* Scientific thinking
* Human rights
* Skepticism of traditional authority, including the Church and monarchy
122
What style defined the Baroque period in terms of art and music?
Grand, exaggerated motion, intense emotional expression, and a focus on light and shadow.
