LITERATURE

Question 1

Poems written by Horace and when?

Answer 1

Toast to Actium- 30BC
Moral Decadence- 23BC
Augustus Returns- 23BC
Cleopatra- 23BC
Carmen Saeculare- 17BC

Question 2

Toast to Actium number and meaning:

Answer 2

Epode 9

Celebrates the victory at Actium

Question 3

Toast to Actium 3 quotes:

Answer 3

A Roman- you’ll not credit it, posterity

Ups sticks and arms himself, for a woman’s sake

The enemy, beaten at sea and on land, changes his scarlet cloak for black

Question 4

Cleopatra number and meaning:

Answer 4

Odes 1.37

• Focuses on Cleopatra’s role in and after the Battle of Actium
• The majority of the poem is focused on demonising Cleopatra, emphasising the danger that she posed to Rome and her lack of self control

Question 5

Horace Odes 1.37 quotes:

Cleopatra

Answer 5

But she, intending to perish more nobly, showed no signs of womanish fear at the sword

As the sparrow hawk follows the gentle dove, or the swift hunter chases the hare, over the snowy plains of Thessaly

With her crowd of deeply corrupted creatures

Sick with turpitude, she, violent with hope

Question 6

Moral Decadence?

Answer 6

Odes 3.6

• Deals with the issue of lax morality in Rome, and links this with misfortunes that had befallen the Roman people in recent years

Question 7

Odes 3.6 quotes:

Answer 7

The young men who stained the Punic sea with blood, they were not born of such parentage

Romans, you’ll still expiate your father’s sins

Without her husbands knowledge, whether its for some pedlar, or Spanish ship’s captain

Question 8

Augustus Returns?

Answer 8

Odes 3.14

• About Caesar’s return from Spain- he was conquering the North-West from 27-24BC, but suffered a serious illness there

Question 9

Odes 3.14 quotes:
Augustus returns

Answer 9

May his wife rejoice in a matchless husband

A jar thats as old as the Marsian war… If any of them managed to escape Spartacus’ eyes

Having sacrificed to true gods, appear now, all dressed in holy ribbons

O you boys and you young girls who are still without husbands, spare us any of your ill-omened words

Question 10

Carmen Saeculare:

Answer 10

It addresses various gods, praising their greatness and asking for blessings on the Roman people

The deities mentioned all had some connection to Augustus, or to his regime

It was performed at the Ludi Saeculares

Question 11

Carmen Saeculare quotes:

Answer 11

You will never know anything Mightier than Rome!

Bring back the singing again, bring back the games

Gentle and peaceful Apollo, lay down your arms

Now Faith and Peace, Honour and ancient Modesty, Dare to return once more, with neglected Virtue, and blessed Plenty

Question 12

Poems by Propertius and date?

Answer 12

Women’s Power- 23BC
Chaste and Faithful Galla- 20BC
War and Peace- 20BC
Temple of Palatine Apollo- 16BC

Question 13

Women’s Power:

Answer 13

Elegies 3.11

• Propertius states he’s under the thrall of his lover, and explains the dangers of women and love- could be seen to sympathise with Antony and question whether he’s really to blame

Question 14

Elegies 3.11:

Answer 14

Truly that whore, queen of incestuous Canopus

Her obscene husband

Why fabricate charges of cowardice against my person, because I can’t break the yoke and snap my chain

Dared to oppose our Jupiter with yapping Anubis

Question 15

Chaste and Faithful Galla?

Answer 15

Elegies 3.12

• Shows the negative impacts of Augustus’ campaigns on those who go, and especially on those who stay

Question 16

Elegies 3.12
Chaste and faithful Galla

Answer 16

Was the glory of Parthia’s spoils worth so much to you?

What shall a girl do with no fear to guard her, With Rome to instruct her in its voluptousness

Postumus will be another Ulysses

Aelia Galla will outdo Penelope’s loyalty

Question 17

War and Peace

Answer 17

Elegies 3.4

• Emphasises the glory and benefits to Rome of Augustus’ foreign campaigning

Question 18

Elegies 3.4:

Answer 18

Scan the names of captured cities

This head that survives from Aeneas’ line

Men, the rewards are great

I see Caesar’s axles burdened with booty

Question 19

Temple of Palatine Apollo:

Answer 19

Elegies 4.6

• Recalls the battle of Actium and glorifies the temple of Palatine Apollo

Question 20

Elegies 4.6

Answer 20

Now Nereus bent the formations in a twin arc

Free your country from fear, that relying on you as its protector

Their fleet rides an unwilling sea

Caesar, his ‘father’ marvelled, and spoke from his comet released by Venus

Question 21

Ovid’s Metamorphoses:

Answer 21

8 AD

• Provides a narrative account of the deification of Julius Caesar and the reasons for his promotion to godhood

Question 22

Metamorphoses:

Answer 22

He will direct morality by his own example

Seeing his son’s good works, Caesar acknowledges they are greater than his own, and delights in being surpassed by him.

Now Diomede’s Calydonian spear wounds me: now… seeing my son Aeneas driven to endless wandering

Question 23

Res Gestae Augustus:

Answer 23

13BC

Question 24

Res Gestae quotes

Answer 24

I drove into exile those men who had murdered my father, avenging their deed by legal means

When the Senate voted to me further triumphs, I declined them

I received no magistracies that were not in keeping with the customs of our ancestors

Question 25

Life of Augustus:

Answer 25

AD 121

Question 26

Life of Augustus quotes:

Answer 26

Augustus was reproached too for his love of expensive furniture... as well as his fondness for gambling He recived offices and honours, some before the usual age, and some newly created and for life His morning receptions were open to all, including commoners In the midst of fighting he shouldered the eagle of the legion, its bearer being wounded Augustus considered it his duty to avenge Caesar’s death and enforce his decrees