Liver

Question 1

Explain the first pass metabolism

Answer 1

Explain the first pass metabolism - medication is administered orally/enterally and then absorbed via the GI tract which then travels via the hepatic portal vein to the liver. In the liver, it is partially metabolised before it enters the circulatory system. This reduces the bioavailability of the medication.

Question 2

What is bioavailability?

Answer 2

the amount of drug that reaches the circulatory system after undergoing first pass metabolism.

Question 3

What does half-life of a drug means?

Answer 3

the time it takes for the plasma concentration (amount of drug in the body) to be reduced by 50%W

Question 4

What does pro-drugs mean?

Answer 4

these are drugs that must be metabolised in order to have action.

Question 5

What does ADME mean?

Answer 5

absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

Question 6

What is the process of pharmacokinetics?

Answer 6

ADME

Question 7

Explain the process of absorption

Answer 7

the process that brings drugs from the administration into the systemic circulation. It affects the speed and concentration at which a drug may arrive at its desired location of effect.

Question 8

Give the different routes of drug administration

Answer 8

• Oral (swallowing, chewing, dispersible)
• Enteral – administering medication into the gastrointestinal tract via a nasogastric tube
  -Rectal
• Intranasal
• Inhalation
• Intramuscular
• Subcutaneous
• Transdermal
• Sublingual
• Vaginal

Question 9

Explain the process of distribution?

Answer 9

Refers to the movement of the drug to and from the blood and various tissues of the body where the goal of distribution is to achieve what is known as the effective drug concentration. This is the concentration of the drug at its designated receptor site.

Question 10

Explain the process of metabolism?

Answer 10

The processing of drugs by the body into subsequent compounds. It is used to convert the drug into more water-soluble substances that will progress to renal clearance.

Question 11

Where is the principal site of drug metabolism?

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

Explain the process of excretion

Answer 12

Removal of the waste product from the body

Question 13

What is the main organ of elimination?

Answer 13

kidney

Question 14

How does kidney eliminate drugs?

Answer 14

by clearing metabolic waste and foreign substances by filtering the blood.