Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathology II Exam II > Liver 3 > Flashcards

Liver 3 Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a dense portal inflammatory infiltrate with abundant histiocytes forming a granuloma around damaged ducts? what disease is it associated with?

A
  1. florid duct lesion

2. PBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with auto-immune antibody?

A

anti-mitochondrial antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is PBC or PSC intrahepatic and extrahepatic?

A

PSC— PBC is intrahepatic only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What liver enzymes are elevated in PBC and PSC?

A

alk phos and GGT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T-F – in PBC and PSC there is equal involvement of obstruction in all triads?

A

False- patchy involvement of triads

obstruction in all triads would be found outside liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is PBC more common in males or females? PSC?

A
  1. female

2. Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What antibody is often found in PSC?

A

UC-ANCA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do we see on a cholangiogram in PBC? PSC?

A
  1. pruned biliary tree

2. beaded bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the distinctive lesion in PBC? PSC?

A
  1. florid duct

2. fibro-obliterative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Is PBC or PSC at risk to cholangiocarcinoma?

A

PSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a fibro-obliterative lesion look like? what disease is it associated with?

A
  1. onion skin inflammation- periductal concentric

2. PSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If there is mixed hepatitic cholangitic, what should we be thinking/

A

overlap syndromes, but mainly adverse drug reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When serum albumin drops, what is the consequence?

A

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does ammonia cause in the brain?

A

hepatic encephalopathy/coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the antidote to acetaminophen overdose?

A

N-acetylcysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where (zone wise) dose necrosis in acetaminophen toxicity begin?

A

centrilobular (least oxygen)

and extends through the others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fulminant hepatic necrosis can be caused by what viruses?

A

Hep A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the main drug that causes fulminant hepatic necrosis?

A

acetaminophen- most common cause in our population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What vascular problem causes fulminant hepatic necrosis?

A

Budd-Chiari

acute venous outflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What conditions can increase susceptibility in acetaminophen toxicity?

A
  1. alcohol users
  2. malnutrition
  3. chronic liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

T-F– cirrhosis can be caused by many things even if they don’t cause chronic liver disease?

A

false- only ones that cause chronic liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are three genetic causes of cirrhosis?

A

hemochromatosis
alpha-1-antitrypsin
Wilson’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What 3 biliary disease causes cirrhosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

PBC
PSC
Bile Duct Obstruction

24
Q

What is a very prominent sign of cirrhosis from the gross image standpoint?

Study These Flashcards
A

regenerative nodules

25
Cirrhosis leads to excess of what hormone? what does it lead to?
- estrogen- | - gynecomastia, spider hemaniomas, testicular atrophy, palmar erythema
26
What does portal hypertension lead to?
1. esophageal varices 2. enlarged spleen 3. ascites 4. collateral vessels
27
Patients with cirrhosis are at particular high risk of elevated ammonia because of what 3 things?
1. bleeding into esophageal varicose-->gut break down of blood to ammonia 2. reduced hepatocyte number to metabolize ammonia 3. ammonia bypasses liver in collateral vessels that arise in portal hypertensions
28
What are the 4 main causes of death in cirrhosis?
1. bleeding- esophageal varices 2. hepatic coma 3. Infection 4. hepatocellular carcinoma
29
Benign hepatic tumors are uncommon, but what is the most common type?
hepatic adenomas
30
Are primary or secondary malignant tumors more common in the liver-
secondary by far
31
90% of primary malignant hepatic tumors are of what type?
hepatocellular carcinoma | others are cholangiocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, hepatoblastoma
32
What histological sign is common in hepatic adenoma?
free-floating arteriole
33
What is the most common cause of hepatic adenoma that they want us to know about?
oral contraceptives
34
What is a main clinical problem seen in hepatic adenoma?
subcapsular adenoma can rupture when large, particularly during pregnancy
35
T-F- hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common cause of cancer deaths world-wide?
False- 3rd (majority of chronic HBV infection from 3rd world countries)
36
What food contaminant causes hepatocellular carcinoma?
aflatoxin
37
What tumor marker do your see in hepatocellular carcinoma?
alpha-fetoprotein
38
In HCC, why is the tumor green?
malignant cells make bile
39
The majority of cholangiocarcinoma are sporadic, but what are they also associated with?
- primary sclerosing cholangitis - liver flukes [POOR PROGNOSIS]
40
Is the gallbladder essential for biliary function?
No
41
what percentage of gallstones are silent?
80% | 10-20% of people have stones
42
How does a gallstone lead to intestinal obstruction?
large stone erodes directly into adjacent loop of small bowel
43
What is the most common type of gallstone?
cholesterol stones
44
What are the risk factors for cholesterol stones?
Female, Fat, Forty, Fertile Rapid weight loss stasis disorders of bile metabolism hyperlipidemia
45
what are pigment stones?
excess unconjugated bilirubin-
46
what is acalculous cholecystitis?
No stones- occurs in severely ill and thought to be from ischemia FATAL IF NOT TREATED
47
chronic cholecystitis leads to what?
wall fibrosis
48
what is choledocholithiasis?
stones within the bile ducts - asymptomatic - pancreatitis - obstructions - cholangitis - hepatic abscess - secondary biliary cirrhosis - acute calculous cholecystitis
49
What is cholangitis?
bacterial infection of the bile ducts (usually gram-negative aerobes)
50
What is a risk factor for cholangitis?
obstructed bile flow
51
What are the signs and symptoms of pancreatitis?
abdominal and back pain | elevated serum amylase and lipase
52
What are the complications of acute pancreatitis?
shock | pseudocyst
53
What are the complications of chronic pancreatitis?
intractable pain maldigestion pseudocyst
54
What is the 4th leading cause of cancer deaths in the US?
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
55
Where do pancreatic adenocarcinomas arise from?
the duct
56
T-F--pancreatic adenocarcinomas are usually subclinical until lethal?
True- extremely poor prognosis

Pathology II Exam II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions