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DSM Abd > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Liver

A

The largest organ in the body, next to the
skin
Weighs approx 1500 grams in the adult
Intraperitoneal organ

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2
Q

Liver position

A

-Occupies almost all of the right hypochondrium, the greater part of the epigastrium, and the left hypochondrium
-Inferior to the diaphragm
-The posterior border is in contact with the
right kidney and inferior vena cava
-The aorta lies posterior to the left lobe of the liver

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3
Q

Liver is covered by

A

Glisson’s Capsule

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4
Q

The subphrenic space

A

between the liver and the diaphragm

common site for abscess formation.

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5
Q

The right subhepatic space

A

includes Morison’s pouch

common space for periotoneal fluid or blood to collect

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6
Q

Lesser sac

A

enclosed portion of the peritoneal space posterior to the liver and stomach
another site for abscess formation

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7
Q

Only a small area is left uncovered

A

the bare area

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8
Q

In early embryonic life

A

responsible for hemopoiesis

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9
Q

Lobules contain

A

hepatocytes, biliary epitheleal cells, and Kupfer cells

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10
Q

Each lobule surrounded by

A

portal triads, small branches of PV,BD, and HA

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11
Q

Separates anterior and posterior segment of the right lobe

A

Right hepatic vein

Right intersegmental ligament

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12
Q

Lobes of Liver

A

Right lobe, Left lobe, Caudate lobe

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13
Q

Separates the lateral and medial segment of the left lobe of the liver

A

Left hepatic vein Left intersegmental fissure Ligamentum teres Falciform ligament

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14
Q

Separates the right lobe from the left lobe

A

Middle hepatic vein
Main lobar fissure
Gallbladder fossa

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15
Q

Right Lobe

A

Largest of the 3 lobes

Contains 3 fossae: 1. porta hepatis 2.gallbladder 3. IVC

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16
Q

divides the right and left lobes

A

Main lobar fissure

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17
Q

Riedels lobe

A

A congenital variant,can sometimes be seen as an anterior projection of the liver sometimes extending down to the iliac crest

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18
Q

Left Lobe

A

Size varies, Can be found just under xiphoid process

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19
Q

Divides the caudal aspect into medial and lateral segments

A

Falciform ligament and the fissure for the ligamentum teres

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20
Q

Attaches the liver to the diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall

A

Falciform ligament

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21
Q

Falciform ligament

A

contains the ligamentum teres, triangular or rounded hyperechoic structure which is the termination of the falciform ligament

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22
Q

Smallest lobe, Situated inferior to the ligamentum venosum

and superior to the inferior vena cava

A

Caudate Lobe

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23
Q

Main lobar fissure

A

boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver

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24
Q

On longitudinal scan- it may be seen as a hyperechoic line extending from the portal vein to the neck of the gallbladder

A

Main lobar fissure

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25
extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm, | contains the ligamentum teres
Falciform ligament
26
appears as a bright, echogenic triangle on transverse scan, separates the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe of the liver
Ligamentum teres
27
Ligamentum venosum
fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus of the fetal circulation
28
supplies 70-75 percent of the blood volume to the liver from the digestive system
Portal venous system
29
hepatopetal
toward the liver
30
The RPV
the largest and further divides into the anterior and posterior
31
enters the liver at the portahepatis
Main portal vein (MPV)
32
divides into the right (RPV) and left portal veins (LPV)
Main portal vein (MPV)
33
Left portal vein
lies more anterior and cranial than the RPV
34
Divides into the medial and lateral branch
Left portal vein
35
Lies within a thick band of connective tissue | coursing through the central portion of the lateral segment of the left lobe
Left portal vein
36
What do hepatic veins flow into?
Inferior Vena Cava
37
What veins have hepatofugal flow (below the baseline)?
Hepatic Veins
38
What veins have hepatopetal flow (above the baseline)?
Portal Veins
39
Why do portal veins have bright walls?
bright connective tissue called Glisson's Capsule
40
What veins drain blood from liver back to IVC?
Hepatic Veins
41
What 3 components are hepatic veins divided into?
Right (RHV), Middle (MHV), and Left (LHV)
42
What direction is flow going towards in hepatic veins?
Hepatifugle
43
How are hepatic veins distinguished from portal veins?
Hepatic veins lack bright walls
44
Do hepatic veins have high or low velocity? & Is the velocity of flow greater or less than portal veins?
Low; greater due to closer proximity to heart
45
What percentage of the livers blood supply comes from hepatic arteries?
20%
46
The common hepatic artery comes off which branch of the aorta?
Celiac trunk
47
Hepatic enzymes
Increased quantities in the blood is a sensitive indicator of hepatocellular disorder.
48
As the hepatic arteries course toward the right and towards porta hepatis, what is it called?
Proper hepatic artery
49
At the porta hepatis, what does the proper hepatic artery divide into?
Right, middle, and left
50
What does the right hepatic artery course between
Bile Duct and Portal Vein
51
What are the primary functions of the liver?
Metabolism, Digestion, Storage, Detoxification, and Phagocytosis
52
What metabolic function converts dietary sugars into glucose and releases glucose into blood?
Carbohydrate Metabolism
53
Hypoglicemic
not enough sugar in the blood
54
Hyperglicemic
too much sugar in the blood
55
What metabolic function converts hepatocytes into lipoproteins?
Fat Metabolism
56
What metabolic function converts amino acids into albumin and other proteins?
Protein Metabolism
57
In liver disease, decreased production of proteins can lead to hemorrhage. This deficiency is due to lack of what vitamin?
Vitamin K
58
What cells engulf and breakdown toxic matter in the liver?
Kupffer cells
59
List the different liver function tests
AST, ALT, LDH, Alk Phos, Bilirubin, PT, Albumin and globulins
60
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
enzyme produced in high-metabolic tissues | may indicate cirrhosis, fatty liver, hepatitis, and metastatic liver disease
61
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
more specific in evaluating liver disease the AST | may indicate hepatitis, hepatocellular disease, and obstructive jaundice
62
Lacate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
may indicate hepatitis, cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice
63
Serum Bilirubin (bilirubin)
pigment released when red blood cells are broken down Conjugated- biliary tract disease Unconjugated- hepatocellular disease Total - cirrhosis and other chronic liver disease
64
Alkaline Phosphate (alk phos)
produced by liver, bone, intestines, and placenta indicates cirrhosis, extrahepatic biliary obstruction, gallstones, hepatitis, metastatic liver disease, and pancreatic carcinoma
65
Prothrombin (PT)
liver enzyme that is part of the blood clotting system | dependent on adequate intake of Vitamin K
66
Liver Scanning (correct TGC, gain, depth, focus, and frequency)
TGC - adjusted to balance far and near field echoes Gain - adjusted to show liver as homogeneous Depth - Rt Lobe should be positioned on lower border Focus - near posterior border of liver Frequency - 2.5-5 MHz in adults 5-7 MHz in children
67
porta hepatis
a deep fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which all the neurovascular structures (except hepatic veins) and hepatic ducts enter or leave the liver

DSM Abd (9 decks)

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