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liver disease Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what is the livers biggest blood supply

A

portal vein ( and portal hepatic artery)

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2
Q

what are the main LFT’s

A

ALP, AST, ALT, gGT, PT, bilirubin, albumin

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3
Q

what are true liver indicators

A

PT, bilirubin and albumin

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4
Q

what is acute liver disease

A

any injuring to a previously healthy liver lasting less than 6 months that causes encephalopathy and prolonged coagulation

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5
Q

name some symptoms of acute liver disease

A

jaundiced, drowsiness –> confusion, pain/ tenderness, nausea itch ABNORMAL LFT’s

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6
Q

What are some causes of acute liver disease

A

viruses eg Hep, HIV, alcohol, drugs eg paracetamol, cholangitis, malignancy

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7
Q

what is Budd chari syndrome

A

clotting in hepatic vein in women on the pill

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8
Q

what are some investigations for acute liver failure

A

LFT’s, USS, virology, rarely biopsy

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9
Q

what is the treatment for acute liver failure

A

rest, fluids (no alcohol), increase calories

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10
Q

what can be done for the itch associated with liver disease

A

sodium bicarbonate bath, Cholestryamine and

Uresodeoxycholic acid

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11
Q

what is filament liver failure

A

hypoglycaemia as liver can’t break down glucose or build new ones

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12
Q

what is chronic liver disease

A

lasts for more than 6 months

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13
Q

what are some common causes of chronic liver disease

A

Alcohol-related liver disease, NAFLD, Hep C, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), automimmune hep

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14
Q

what is jaundice

A

yellowing of the skin from bilirubin

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15
Q

what are some unncommon causes of chronic liver disease

A

heamochromatitis, wilson’s, antitrpsin deficiency, PSC, budd chairi

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16
Q

what is prehepatic jaundice

A

anything that causes increased heamolysis

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17
Q

what is hepatic jaundice

A

inability to break down bilirubin

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18
Q

what is posthepatic jaundice

A

impaired drainage of bile into large bowel

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19
Q

what are the guidelines on alcohol consumption

A

no more than 14 units of alcohol per week

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20
Q

what is the mechanism of alcoholic liver disease

A

increased release of fatty acids and triglycerides, cells become swollen with alcohol (steotosishepatitis), this leads to collagen deposits and eventually cirrhosis

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21
Q

what cells are involved in cirrhosis

A

hepatic stellate cells (HSC’s)

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22
Q

what is the mechanism of NAFLD and NASH

Study These Flashcards
A

1) increased fatty acids and trigylcerides (steatosis) 2) non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) 3) fibrosis 4) cirrhosis

23
Q

what is the biggest cause of NAFLD

Study These Flashcards
A

obesity, most common disease in the world

24
Q

how do you diagnose NAFLD and NASH

25
how do you diagnose NASH
liver biopsy
26
how do you treat alcoholic liver disease
stop alcohol and give diazepam
27
what does NASH and alcoholic liver disease lead to
fibrosis and cirrhosis
28
what is cirrhosis
end-stage of liver disease irreversible band of fibrosis
29
describe macrondular or microndular
microndular is alcoholic
30
describe compensated and uncompensated
uncompensated liver cannot function, compensated it can
31
what can cause cirrhosis
alcohol, NAFLD, hep B/C, storage disease, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
32
what are symptoms of cirrhosis
spider navi, palmar erythema, clubbing, hepatomegaly --> jaundice, ascites, encephalopathy, bruising
33
what are some complications of cirrhosis
portal hypertension (caput medusae) --> oesophageal varices, haemorrhoids, ascites, enteropathy, encephalopathy
34
how do you treat ascites
no NSAIDs, reduce salt, spironolactone, paracentesis, TIPSS
35
how does encephalopathy arise in liver disease
excess ammonia not broken down in liver and travels in normal circulation
36
what are 3 autoimmune liver disease that can cause cirrhosis
autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis
37
who is more likely to get autoimmune hepatitis and what is it
women, a chronic hepatic pattern
38
what are the symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis
hepatomegaly, jaundice, splenomegaly, elevated AST, ALT, PT
39
what abnormal histology would be seen with autoimmune hepatitis
piecemeal necrosis, interface hepatitis
40
what steroids would you use to treat autoimmune hepatitis
azathioprine, prednisolone
41
what is primary biliary cirrhosis
damage of hepatic biliary ducts causing a build up of bile leading to cirrhosis
42
who mainly gets PBC and what are the symptoms
females, fatigue, itch without rash, xanthelasma, elavated LFTs (ALP)
43
how do you diagnose PBC
+ive AMA, LFT's, liver biopsy (2/3)
44
how do you treat the itch of PBC
urseodeoxycholic acid
45
what is primary sclerosing cholangitis and who normally gets it
chronic inflammation of bile ducts, more commonly affects males and people with UC
46
what are some symptoms of primary sclerosing cholangitis
periductal fibrosis, duct destruction, jaundice, fibrosis
47
what are some autosomal recessive disorders that cause storage diseases
haemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
48
what us haemochromatosis
excess iron, can cause cirrhosis and carcinomas diabetes
49
what is Wilson's disease
autosomal recessive disorder, copper in brain and liver
50
which is more common in liver cancer primary or mets
mets
51
name some common benign liver tumours
hepatocellular adenoma, liver cysts, focal nodular hyperplasia
52
name the most common liver tumour
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HHC)/ hepatoma, AFP marker
53
what vitamin to you give to alcoholics with liver disease
Vit B - thiamine

My1 GI (26 decks)

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