Liver Function Test

Question 1

Most basic unit of the liver:

Answer 1

(hepatocyte)

Question 2

what are liver sinusoids

Answer 2

vascular network inside the liver; endothelial blood lakes surrounding liver cell

Question 3

organs involved in glucose regulation

Answer 3

pancreas and liver (main)

Question 4

Glucose will be transformed into energy

Answer 4

GLYCOLYSIS

Question 5

If glucose is not needed, it will be absorbed by the liver cell and transformed into glycogen

Answer 5

GLYCOGENESIS

Question 6

Glycogen can be mobilized anytime when the body needs substrates or sugars for emergency purposes or in times of lack of nutrition. Glycogen will be broken down and released into the system wherever it is needed

Answer 6

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

Question 7

Glucose is gained not only by its uptake from the preformed glucose that has been absorbed but it can also be formed by amino acids that are absorbed and transformed

Answer 7

GLUCONEOGENSI

Question 8

Major vitamins stored by the liver are

Answer 8

vitamins A, B12, and K.

Question 9

how long can the liver store vitamins given that it is intact

Answer 9

10-12 months

Question 10

what substances can liver synthesize for local use

Answer 10

amino acids
transaminases (ALT/AST)
alkaline phosphatase

Question 11

3 main export products of the liver

Answer 11

bile acids
cholesterol
phospholipids

Question 12

precursor for crystal and gallstone formation in the biliary system if there are not enough bile acids to keep cholesterol in solution

Answer 12

cholesterol

Question 13

causes of liver disease

Answer 13

1. altered circulation
2. immunologic reactions
3. metabolic defects
4. toxins, infections
5. neoplasms
6. biliary obstruction

Question 14

Most sensitive, in measuring clearance and excretion functions of the liver

Answer 14

BROMSULPHTHALEIN TEST (BSP) & BILE ACIDS

Question 15

what does BSP measure

Answer 15

clearance and excretion functions of the liver

Question 16

First to be knocked out in liver dysfunction

Answer 16

BSP and Bile acids

Question 17

Check for cholestasis or flow of bile in the liver

Answer 17

bilirubin

Question 18

Confirms cholestasis

Answer 18

Alkaline phosphatase and 5’ nucleotidase

Question 19

5’-nucleotidase is used to confirm

Answer 19

ALP of liver origin

Question 20

used to confirm ALP of liver origin

Answer 20

5’-nucleotidase

Question 21

what test would you perform if you want to confirm hepatic cell necrosis

Answer 21

ALT and AST

Question 22

Can pickup liver parenchymal damage or severe form of liver disease

Answer 22

PROTHROMBIN TIME & SERUM AMMONIA

Question 23

If you want to test for metabolic function of the liver

Answer 23

PROTHROMBIN TIME & SERUM AMMONIA

Question 24

what is PROTHROMBIN TIME & SERUM AMMONIA for

Answer 24

test for metabolic function and severity of liver disease

Question 25

where are bile acids stored in a fasting state?

Answer 25

gallbladder

Question 26

gallbladder empties bile into

Answer 26

duodenum

Question 27

what would be the result of serum bile acids on patients who do not have intact ileum

Answer 27

decrease of bile acids in the liver

Question 28

substance that when injected intravenously into the body noted to be cleared right away

Answer 28

Bromsulphthalein

Question 29

disadvantage of BSP

Answer 29

BSP remains high in the serum. But it cannot differentiate whether the problem is biliary obstruction or a parenchymal liver disease

Question 30

AST is previously called

Answer 30

SGOT

Question 31

ALT is previously called

Answer 31

SGPT

Question 32

why is there high levels of AST and ALT in acute hepatitis

Answer 32

due to acute injury and destruction of the liver cells

Question 33

why is there lowre levels of AST and ALT in Cirrhosis

Answer 33

liver cells have been replaced by scar tissue thus lower elevation of transaminase, lower levels are due to the chronicity of the disease

Question 34

why is there elevated AST and ALT in liver metastasis

Answer 34

destruction of liver cells and presence of hyperplastic cells

Question 35

Used for determination of BILIARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION

Answer 35

alkaline phosphatase

Question 36

other organs that ALP can be derived

Answer 36

bone, placenta kidneys

Question 37

why ALP level is high in pregnant px

Answer 37

presence of this enzyme in the placenta

Question 38

what is used to confirm that ALP is from the liver

Answer 38

GTTP | Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Question 39

what is used to confirm that ALP is from the liver

Answer 39

GTTP | Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Question 40

albumin is synthesized in

Answer 40

hepatocytes

Question 41

low levels of albumin suggests

Answer 41

chronic liver disease

Question 42

non hepatic causes of hypoalbuminemia

Answer 42

protein malnutrition protein losing enteropathies nephrotic syndrom prolonged increase in IL-1 and TNF

Question 43

Most sensitive measure of chronic liver disease problem

Answer 43

Prothrombin time (PT)

Question 44

single best acute measure of hepatic synthetic function

Answer 44

PT

Question 45

PT is prolonged in

Answer 45

hepatitis cirrhosis Vit K deficiency

Question 46

why does administration of Vit K in prolonged PT needed to confirm liver disease

Answer 46

If PT improves upod admin of Vit K, it means that there are still enough hepatocytes that can produce coagulation factors

Question 47

vit k dependent clotting factors

Answer 47

Factors II, VII, IX, X

Question 48

multifactorial causes of COAGULATION PROBLEMS IN SEVERE LIVER DISEASE

Answer 48

Vit K malabsorption | platelet abnormalities