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Y2 GI > Liver Structure and Function > Flashcards

Liver Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

structure of liver

A

4 lobes, bare area

right and left, caudate (superior) and quadrate

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2
Q

what joins together to form common bile duct

A

what joins together to form common bile duct

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3
Q

what joins together and open into duodenum at spinchter of Oddi

A

common bile + pancreatic duct

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4
Q

what makes up portal triad

A

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct

at each corner of hexagonal lobule

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5
Q

where does blood from hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery travel to

A

hepatic sinusoids

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6
Q

what happens to the blood in hepatic sinusoids

A

goes to central veins -> hepatic veins -> IVC

or hepatocytes (bile synthesis, nutrient storage) → canncaliculi → hepatic ducts

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7
Q

what is the course of blood from alimentary canal

A

hepatic portal vein -> liver (hepatic sinusoids) -> central vein -> hepatic vein -> IVC

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8
Q

what is the function of the liver

A

regulates most chemical levels in the blood

production & secretion of bile

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9
Q

what is in bile

A
  • bile acids
  • lecithin
  • cholesterol - all solubilise fat and synthesised in liver
  • bile pigments (bilirubin)
  • toxic metals
  • bicarbonate - by duct cells
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10
Q

what are bile pigments

A

bilirubin

Breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes

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11
Q

Breakdown products of haemoglobin from old/damaged erythrocytes

A

bilirubin modified by bacterial enzymes

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12
Q

what are bile acids synthesised from

A

what are bile acids synthesised from

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13
Q

what produces bile salts

A

bile acids conjugated w glycine or taurine = bile salts, inc solubility

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14
Q

bile acids conjugated w glycine or taurine = bile salts, inc solubility

A

3 layers

  • mucosa
  • muscularis (smooth muscle)
  • serosa
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15
Q

what controls bile secretion

A

sphincter of Oddi - controls release of bile + panc juice into duodenum

when spinchter contracted (closed) forces bile back into gallbladder

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16
Q

what does the gallbladder do

A

concentrates and stores bile

17
Q

what is the purpose of bile

A

fat solubilisation

18
Q

what does secretin do

A

dec gastric acid secretion
dec gastric emptying
inc bicarbonate secretion

19
Q

what stimulates secretin

A

acid in duodenum

20
Q

what does cholecystokinin do

A 
dec gastric emptying
inc pac enzyme secretion
gallbladder contraction
relax spinchter of odder 
- bile secretion
21
Q

what stimulates CCK

A

fats/AA in duodenum

22
Q

what does bicarbonate do

A

neutralises gastric acid, make neutral pH environment in duodenum

Y2 GI (7 decks)

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