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GI PATHOLOGY > Liver Symposium > Flashcards

Liver Symposium Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

How are the hepatitis viruses broken down?

A

A + E - enteric, self limiting

B, C, D - parenteral, ?chronic

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2
Q

Which groups are immunised vs HAV?

A 
Travellers
Chronic liver disease Pts
Haemophiliacs
Occupational exposure
Gay men
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3
Q

What antigens are associated with HBV?

A

HBsAg
HBeAg
HBcAg

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4
Q

What antigen, when detected, tells of the presence of HBV?

A

HBsAg

Hepatitis surface antigen

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5
Q

What antigen, when detected, tells of active HBV replication?

A

HBeAg (e antigen)

HBV DNA

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6
Q

Finding HBeAg in the blood means what?

A

HBV is ACTIVE

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7
Q

Finding HBsAg in the blood means what?

A

Virus is PRESENT

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8
Q

IgM anti-HBc in blood is positive for what?

A

Acute infection

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9
Q

IgG anti-HBc is positive for what?

A

Chronic infection

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10
Q

Anti-HBe in blood is indicative of what?

A

Inactive virus

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11
Q

Hepatitis can progress to what?

A

Cirrhosis

End stage liver disease

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12
Q

What proportion of children to HBV positive mothers will have chronic HBV infection?

A

90%

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13
Q

What is the treatment for HBV?

A

Pegylated interferon

Oral Antivirals

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14
Q

What % of patients with HCV report acute jaundice?

A

10%

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15
Q

Why is HCV a more damaging virus?

A

RNA based

Reverse transcriptase

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16
Q

How is HAV diagnosed?

A

IgM fraction (serology)

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17
Q

How does HAV present?

A

Rapid onset illness

Jaundice

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18
Q

What is the treatment for HCV?

A

IFN-free direct-acting antivirals

PEG-IFNlambda

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19
Q

How does HDV survive?

A

In the HBV protein coat

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20
Q

What is the most common cause of acute hepatitis in Grampian?

21
Q

EBV and CMV are associated with what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mildly deranged LFTs in immunocompromised hosts

22
Q

NAFLD encompasses what diseases?

Study These Flashcards
A

Simple steatosis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Fibrosis and cirrhosis

23
Q

NAFLD is associated with what?

Study These Flashcards
A 
(Metabolic syndrome)
DM
Obesity
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypertension
24
Q

What are the non-modifiable risk factors for NAFLD?

Study These Flashcards
A

Age
Ethnicity
Genetic factors

25
How is NAFLD diagnosed?
``` AST/ALT USS MR/CT ELF panel MR Spectroscopy BIOPSY ```
26
What are the diagnostic high risk factors for NAFLD?
``` Age > 45 DM+ve Impaired fasting glucose > 7 BMI > 30 AST:ALT > 1 Low platelets Low albumin ```
27
What is the treatment for NAFLD?
``` Diet/Weight loss Exercise Insulin sensitizers GLP-1 analogues Vitamin E Weight loss surgery ```
28
What are the autoimmune liver diseases?
``` Autoimmune hepatitis Primary Biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis IgG 4 disease Autoimmune cholangiopathy ```
29
How is Autoimmune hepatitis diagnosed?
Elevated IgG | Liver biopsy
30
Is autoimmune hepatitis more common in men or women?
Women
31
How is Autoimmune hepatitis treated?
Steroids | Long term Azathioprine
32
How is Primary Biliary cholangitis diagnosed?
IgM | Anti-mitochondrial antibody positive
33
What are the symptoms of primary biliary cholangitis?
Pruritus | Fatigue
34
How is primary biliary cholangitis treated?
UDCA | Ursodeoxycholic acid
35
Primary biliary cholangitis is more common in men or women?
Women
36
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is more common in men or women?
Men
37
Primary biliary cholangitis involves which part of the biliary tree?
Intrahepatic bile ducts
38
Primary sclerosing cholangitis involves which part of the biliary tree?
Intra and extrahepatic bile ducts
39
How does Primary sclerosing cholangitis present?
Stricturing disease Recurrent cholangitis Jaundice
40
How is Primary sclerosing cholangitis diagnosed?
MRCP
41
How is Primary sclerosing cholangitis treated?
Biliary stents
42
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with what?
Inflammatory bowel disease
43
What are the contraindications for liver transplant?
``` Active substance abuse Metastases, invasion Active infection Psychosocial factors Comorbidities ```
44
How is acute liver failure classified?
Acetaminophen induced or not
45
Nonacetaminophen induced ALF is listed for transplantation when?
INR > 6.5 | Encephalopathy present
46
How is liver cirrhosis prioritised?
Child's Pugh scoring A, B, C MELD score UKELD score
47
MELD score encompasses what?
Bilirubin Creatinine INR
48
UKELD score encompasses what?
Bilirubin Sodium Creatinine INR

GI PATHOLOGY (20 decks)

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