Livestock

Question 1

What is a Homeothermic animal? (aka endothermic)

Answer 1

warm blooded animal that maintains a constant body temperature despite changes in ambient temperature

Question 2

3 ways Homeothermic animals respond to temperature changes

Answer 2

sweating, panting, seeking shade

Question 3

standard lactation curve of dairy cow

Answer 3

increases up to peak at week 3 then decreases slowly to week 12 then dry for last 2 weeks

Question 4

dry matter intake curve of dairy cow

Answer 4

increases up to week 5 decreases slowly to week 13 then starts increasing again

Question 5

3 criteria that define a breed

Answer 5

1) similar behaviour,
2) similar appearance
3) same species

Question 6

4 types of forage feeds

Answer 6

silage, hay, wholecrop, dry pellets

Question 7

4 types of concentrate feeds

Answer 7

cereal grains, oilseeds, molasses, milk

Question 8

biological efficiency =

Answer 8

(output/input) x 100

Question 9

what is domestication

Answer 9

The process of enfolding a species into
human society and taking responsibility for
its husbandry and breeding

Question 10

what percentage of world animal biomass does livestock account for?

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

what is grazing

Answer 11

when animals eat in large bunches of forage with their tongue

Question 12

what is browsing

Answer 12

when animals eat in small pieces with their front teeth

Question 13

what are the five freedoms that all animals should have?

Answer 13

1) freedom from thirst and hunger
2) appropriate comfort and shelter
3) prevention and rapid treatment of injury and disease
4) freedom to display natural behaviour
5) freedom from fear

Question 14

what is the equation used to calculate feed conversion ratio?

Answer 14

feed (KGs) / Weight gain (KGs)

Question 15

what four factors might influence the daily intake of herbage in a grazing animal?

Answer 15

1) weather
2) day length
3) herbage quality
4) supplemental feeding

Question 16

List 4 parameters that may be measured when determining the price of milk?

Answer 16

1) hygiene
2) seasonality
3) market trends
4) Quality

Question 17

What is the Thermoneutral zone?

Answer 17

temperature range where animal uses the least energy for metabolism, and efficiency is optimised

Question 18

what is metabolic rate

Answer 18

total conversion of energy in the body per unit time

Question 19

List 6 reasons for keeping livestock?

Answer 19

1) food source
2) fertiliser
3) religious reasons
4) capital asset
5) Building materials
6) research

Question 20

what is an ectotherm

Answer 20

cold blooded animal whose body temperature follows the ambient temperature

Question 21

5 factors effecting efficiency of meat production

Answer 21

age, weight, health, stress, nutrition

Question 22

main components of an animal’s feed (6)

Answer 22

water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals