Livestock Evaluation Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
Adapting animal behavior to fit the needs of people is referred to as?
A
Domestication
2
Q
Swine were first domesticated around 4900 BC by the?
A
Chinese
3
Q
Which of the following is an essential amino acid in swine diets?
A
Lysine
4
Q
Which of the following is the benefit of “cattle implants”?
A
Increase rate of gain
5
Q
The length of gestation in sheep is closest to?
A
150 days
6
Q
The mating of animals in different families within the same breed is know as?
A
Outcrossing
7
Q
Which is NOT considered a British breed of cattle?
A
Simmental
8
Q
Which of the following is NOT a desirable underline trait in hogs?
A
“Blunt” teats
9
Q
A ration that taste good to the animal which promotes consumption is said to be?
A
Palatable
10
Q
Which division of the ruminant is considered the “true stomach”?
A
Abomasum
11
Q
A maintenance ration in beef cattle is primarily composed of?
A
Roughages
12
Q
The average length of the estrus cycle for sheep is?
A
17 days
13
Q
The length of gestation for swine is?
A
114 days
14
Q
The process of giving birth to a new animal?
A
Parturition
15
Q
Which classes of sheep are bred primarily for meat?
A
Medium Wool Breeds
16
Q
When using performance data in judging hogs, which is NOT one of the indexes used as an EPD?
A
Feed Efficiency Index
17
Q
When judging a market steer class which term is used describe the amount of fat cover on the animal?
A
Finish
18
Q
The first successful cloning of livestock was done in 1996 with?
A
Sheep
19
Q
Which of the following body parts is not used to evaluate muscle in sheep?
A
Pastern
20
Q
Which of the following is a wholesale cut of a lamb carcass?
A
Leg
21
Q
An animal that “toes out” is most likely?
A
Straight shoulder
22
Q
An animal that pushes out in its hock and sets down on the outside of its hood or rolls at the ground is most likely?
A
Bow legged
23
Q
Which is NOT a known genetic defect of cattle?
A
PSS ( Porcine Stress Syndrome)
24
Q
In market lambs Quality Grade is calculated using what criteria?
A
Flank Streaking
25
Which of the following breeds of sheep have a wool cap, boot wool and a medium size ear?
Hampshire
26
The average LEA (loin-eye area) for a 250 pound barrow is closest to?
6 square inches
27
Which of the following breeds is known as a "Maternal breed" and has erect ears?
Yorkshire
28
The term used for a castrated male pig?
Barrow
29
Which is not a compartment of the ruminant stomach?
Jejunum
30
What is visually used by producers to identify what litter each hog belongs to?
Ear notch
31
Which of the following factors has the greatest impact on quality grade in cattle?
Marbling
32
Which term estimates the portion of the animal that will be used as edible product?
Yield grade
33
Which of the following is the biggest discount on a "balance grid" for cattle?
Yield Grade 4
34
Which of the following factors do NOT affect Yield Grade in cattle?
Dressing percent
35
Which of the following starts the rapid growth stage on the standard growth curve?
Weaning
36
A steer, throughout his life would have an average deed to gain ratio closest to?
7 to 1
37
Which is considered a primal cut of pork?
Loin
38
Which of the following areas is NOT used to determine leanness in swine?
Chest
39
Which of the following body condition scores would be the most appropriate for a pregnant cow?
BCS 6
40
A 1300 pound steer will consume what percentage of his body weight in feed?
2%
41
Which of the following species is a "seasonal breeder"?
Sheep
42
The average dressing percent for hogs is closest to?
75%
43
A steer on a "finishing diet" would most likely be consuming what % protein?
11%
44
The main energy nutrients found in animal rations are?
Carbohydrates
45
What organ in the female reproductive tract produces the eggs?
Ovaries
46
Subcutaneous injections are given:
Under the skin
47
The breed of cattle that was developed on the King Ranch in Texas and consist of 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn is called:
Santa Gertrude's
48
A breed of cattle that originated in Scotland, that has a smooth hair coat, black in color, polled, and is one of the most popular breeds in the US today:
Angus
49
Smallest part of the ruminants stomach
Reticulum
50
Swine are in a class of animals which consume both plants and meat known as
Omnivores
51
The critical stage of production in livestock when giving birth to their livestock is:
Parturition
52
The expected yield of a hog with USDA quality grade No. 1 is:
60.4% or greater
53
The most important whole-sale cut of lamb is
Leg
54
The secretion and production of milk in sheep, cattle, and swine is known as:
Lactation
55
The first milk production after giving birth is known as:
Colostrum
56
The age of the beef animal in the amount of marbling in the carcass affects the ________ of the carcass.
Quality grade
57
The breed of cattle with origin of Europe such as Charolais, Simmental, limousine are usually referred to as:
Continental breeds
58
A disorder characterized by guess this distention in the rumen, seen on the animals left side is commonly referred to as
Bloat
59
A cattle producer that produces breeding stock including bulls and females for cow calf operation's is commonly call a:
Seedstock/purebred breeder
60
The record of the ancestors of a particular animal is recorded in its:
Pedigree
61
The amount of fat cover on a market lamb is referred to as:
Finish
62
Feed that is provided to young lambs as an extra ration and is fed in an area that mature ewes cannot access is called a:
Creep feed
63
The most prevalent fine-wool breed of sheep in the United States is the
Rambouillet
64
The most important factor in formulating a ration for livestock is
Total digestive nutrients
65
The gestation time for sheep is:
148-150 days
66
Administration and medicinal agent to Livestock that requires placement directly into the bloodstream is a ____________ injection
Intravenous
67
An objectionable inherited defect in swine known as a whorl is actually a:
Hair disturbance
68
Heifers most commonly reach puberty at the age of
10-14 months
69
Estrus in cattle usually occurs every:
21 days
70
EPD stands for
Expected progeny difference
71
I market work cattle or so by public bidding with the animals going to the highest better is known as a
Auction market
72
The presence and distribution of fat in a cut of meat is described as
Marbling
73
Cattle that are generally between six months and one year old are sold to people who fatten them for market are commonly referred to as
Feeder cattle
74
Cattle can generally lose from 1 to 5 percent of their weight when transported. The loss of weight that occurs when cattle are moved to market is referred to as:
Shrinkage
75
The class of sheep that are evaluated more in the quality of their fleece than other sheep are known as:
Fine wool breeds
76
One common characteristics between Hampshire, Yorkshire, and Berkshire swine is:
Erect ears
77
A swine disease causing degeneration of the turbinate bones in the snout and the twisting of the snout is
Rhinitis
78
A system that is used for trading contracts for future delivery of cattle is known as
Future market
79
In 1985, a one dollar per head check off for every head of beef sold in the US was established as a result of the passage of the:
Beef Promotion and Research Act
80
The process of placing sperm in the female reproductive track by some other means than natural mating is known as:
Artificial insemination
81
The process of preparing calves for the stress of being moved into the feed lit is called:
Preconditioning
82
Cattle generate more dollars than any other agriculture enterprise. Capital account for approximately ___________ percent of all commodity receipts in the US.
22
83
A cow that swallows a nail, the object could be held in the
Reticulum
84
The removal of all part of the tail from sheep is referred to as:
Docking
85
The biggest problem of raising sheep is the loss caused by:
Internal parasites
86
Organic acids which are the building blocks in the formation of proteins are:
Amino acids
87
The most common parasites among beef cattle are:
Flys
88
Breeds of cattle that are used for both meat and milk production are considered to be:
Dual purpose breeds
89
Beef cattle or sheep born without horns are commonly referred to as:
Polled
90
A method of animal identification that is puncture in the skin of number or letters is known as:
Tattoo
91
A selective form of breeding in which the side and dam are related which some refer to as a mild form of inbreeding is called:
Linebreeding
92
The degree to which the crossbred offspring outperforms its parent purebreds is known as
Hybrid vigor
93
A beef animal that has extremely straight hind legs is best described as being:
Post-legged
94
Refers to the LACK of roughness in finish or bone structure in beef cattle:
Smoothness
95
Which of the following swine health problems is caused by a nutritional deficiency?
Anemia
96
What is the basic energy feed used in hog rations?
Corn
97
The gestation time in swine is:
114-115 days
98
When evaluating swine performance data, litter weights are adjusted to a standard of how many days?
21
99
The most common swine identification is:
Ear notching
100
Which major swine breed originated in England with the major development of the breed occurring in Kentucky? Originally known as the thin rind.
Hampshire
101
Abortion early in the gestation period is a common symptom of:
Brucellosis
102
One common characteristic between York, landrace, and Chester white is:
Color
103
Which state produces the most hogs?
Iowa
104
The jowl on a swine is located in the:
Throat area
105
Feed additives in swine rations that control internal parasites are:
Anthelminites
106
The testes produce sperm cells and the male hormone
Testosterone
107
The process of taking food nutrients through the intestinal wall is:
Absorption
108
The age at which an animal reaches sexual maturity is:
Puberty
109
The reflex and response an animal has at birth is:
Instinct
110
The normal body temp of sheep and swine is:
Above 102F
111
Sheep and Cattle both have multiple stomachs referred to as a:
Ruminant
112
When animals band together in a herd or flock, the behavior is known as:
Gregarious
113
Which state produces the most beef cattle?
Texas
114
Which of the following wholesale cuts of beef has the highest value?
Rib
115
The weight of chilled beef carcass compared to the live weight of the animal is referred to as:
Yield
116
Which breed of beef cattle imported from France was originally used as draft animals?
Maine-Anjou
117
What area of livestock production is the major issue of animals rights organizations?
Confinement
118
Calves younger than 3 months of age sold for slaughter are:
Veal
119
The first breed of beef cattle imported to the US in the late 1700s was the:
Shorthorn
120
The average feed conversion ratio for beef cattle on full feed is:
6:1 to 7:1
121
Sheep rations typically consist of 80 to 90 percent:
Roughage
122
The recommended protein percent of a grower ration for swine from weaning to 75 pounds is:
16%
123
The only sheep native to North America
Bighorn
124
Wheat bran and animal fat are feed concentrates that are classified as:
Processing by-products
125
Which protein concentrate is limited to use by ruminants?
Urea
126
The physical appearance of an animal is known as?
Phenotype
127
Most of the problems with food-born illness are a result of:
Bacterial
128
Administering a medical agent to livestock that requires placement into the skin is a
Intradermal
129
Disease caused by an organism that mainly affects the lungs:
Tuberculosis
130
Diseases caused by a virus or bacteria are classed as:
Pathogenic
131
A nutritional problem characterized by a swollen abdomen on the left side, labored breathing, profuse salivation, groaning, lack of appetite, and stiffness.
Bloat
132
Helminths are of major economic importance to the livestock industry in regard to the management of:
Internal parasites
133
The most popular medium wool breed of sheep in the US is the:
Hampshire
134
More than 1/2 of all crossbred sheep in the US carry some percentage of this particular breed:
Rambouillet
135
The record of the ancestors of a particular animal is recorded in its:
Pedigree
136
Breeds of cattle that are used for both milk and meat production are considered to be:
Dual-purpose breeds
137
Animals that through selection and breeding have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring are defined as:
A breed
138
What is an animal resulting from the mating of two different breeds?
Crossbred
139
Which common breed of swine was imported to the US from Denmark?
Landrace
140
The majority of composite breeds of cattle in the US use what breed as a foundation?
Braham
141
Modern domestic cattle evolved from what single early ancestor?
Aurochs
142
Foot rot is a _________ disease.
Fungal
143
Known as the "blind gut"
Secum
144
Feedstuffs such as hay and silage are classified as:
Roughages
145
Amino acid are the building blocks of:
Protein
146
The ability to intimate, sustain, and support reproduction.
Fertility
147
How well an animal likes or accepts a feed is referred to as the:
Palatabity
148
What is the most important nutrition in a swine ration?
Water
149
The total protein contained in a feed is _________ protein.
Crude
150
Which of the following elements is not a component of a carbohydrate?
Nitrogen
151
Which of the following feeds is highest in total digestible nutrients (TDN)?
Soybean meal
152
Feed additives used to prevent disease and promote growth are:
Antibiotics
153
Carbohydrates make up approximately ____________ percent of a ration:
75%
154
The removal of the testicles from a male animal is:
Castration
155
The average gestation for cattle is:
283 days
156
When evaluating swine performance data litter weights are adjusted to a standard of how many days:
21 days
157
External fat on a lamb carcass is measured between which two ribs:
12 & 13
158
The tube that carries air to an animals lungs:
Trachea
159
A 130 pound wether will have a carcass weight of
65 lbs
160
The leg and the loin of a lamb are the primary wholesale meat cuts that come from the:
Hind-saddle
161
Traces of marbling within the carcass would best indicate what quality grade?
Standard
162
Morphological defects in livestock are caused by:
Genetics
163
Enterotoxemia is a _________ disease.
Nutritional
164
This breed originated in Southern England and was used in the formation of most medium wool breeds.
Southdown
165
The most common form of identification used in the swine industry is:
Ear notching
166
What is the basic protein source used in most livestock rations?
Soybean meal
167
The average dressing percentage of swine?
70%
168
Feed additives in swine rations that control internal parasites are:
Anthelimintics
169
This breed of swine has an exceptionally high lean-to-fat ratio:
Pietrain
170
The primary use of nutrients in a ration for livestock is for:
Growth
