Question 1

Common disease with Cortical signs

Accepted Answer

- PEM - Salt poisoning/water deprivation - lead poisoning - Vit A deficiency - rabies - enterotoxemia type D (sheep)

Question 2

Clinical signs - where is the lesion - ataxia - CP deficits - altered mentation (aggression, depression) - CN deficits - Opisthotonus

Accepted Answer

Cortical!

Question 3

PEM! 1. Full name 2. Who gets it? 3. What does it do? 4. Main cause? 5. CS? 6. What can the eye signs tell us about the lesion location? 7. Dx? 8. Tx? 9. Px 10. Prevention

Accepted Answer

1. Polioencehalomalacia 2. Small ruminants > cattle > camelid 3. Necrosis of cortical gray matter 4. Decreased thiamine production due to rapid addition or inc in a high conc diet, grain overload/engorgement (thiamine is important in main metabolic pathway for glucose metabolism in brain) 5. Cortical neuro signs & Cortical blindness (lack of menace, normal PLR, dorsomedial stabismus) 6. Eye and optic nerve lesions = ipsilateral blindness; optic tracts and lateral geniculate lesions = contralateral blindness with normal PLR 7. Response to thiamine can help increase suspicion of PEM... Histopath confirms 8. Thiamine, Dexamethasone, supportive 9. Depends on duration 10. Supplement with thiamine, adapt to high grain diets,m prevent free choice grain access, limit dietary sulfur

Question 4

Salt poisoning! 1. Etiology 2. Dx 3. Tx 4. Prevention

Accepted Answer

1. high salt intake, water deprivation, followed by rapid water intake (cerebral edema!) 2. Hx and clinical signs, clin path (serum or CSF Na >160), feed analysis, necropsy/histopath 3. Slowly decrease serum Na levels, steroids, thiamin, supportive (poor prognosis) 4. Management (waterers, correct mixing, etc)

Question 5

Lead Poisoning! Toxic to cells! 1. Occurrence 2. Dx 3. Tx 4. Prevention

Accepted Answer

1. Most common intoxicant of cattle (calves >>>>> cattle > others) 2. Hx, clinical signs, rads - reticulum and CrV rumen, blood or urine Pb levels, basophilic stippling on RBCs 3. Remove source, Ca EDTA chelation, Thiamine, Steroids, Cathartics, Supportive, Rumenotomy 4. Clean the lead from the environment

Question 6

Rabies! 1. Incubation period 2. Which form is most common in cattle? 3. Recumbency seen within _____ days 4. Death within ____ days 5. Should you always have rabies in your list of ddx for neuro cases? 6. Dx 7. Tx 8. Prevention

Accepted Answer

1. 3-6 months 2. PARALYTIC form (flaccid) 3. 3-5 days 4. 10 days 5. Yep 6. hx, clinical signs, post mortem (negri bodies) 7. no tx - quarantine prev vaccinated or slaughter immediately 8. Vaccinate

Question 7

Pseudorabies! aka Mad Itch - who gets this? - is the US free of this?

Accepted Answer

swine Nope, still in feral pigs

Question 8

TSE! 1. Two main ones? Who does each affect? 2. What kind of disease is this? 3. How is it transmitted? 4. Is scrapie heritiable?

Accepted Answer

1. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow) --> cows; Scrapie --> sheep and goats only 2. Prion - abnormal form of normal protein 3. BSE - feeding rendered animal proteins from infected animals or spontaneous mutation; Scrapie: classical - horizontal and vertical, atypical - spontaneous mutation 4. No, requires susceptible genotype AND exposure - Genetic susceptibility testing has only been developed for sheep

Question 9

TSE! part 2 1. CS of BSE 2. CS of Scrapie 3. Dx of BSE 4. Dx of Scrapie 5. Is there any tx? 6. Prevention

Accepted Answer

1. Long incubation period (4-6 years). In dairy cows, anxiety or apprehension about entering the milking parlor is a common sign. Cattle also exhibit behavioral changes and can be apprehensive or belligerent 2. Behavioral changes and pruritis are big signs 3. No current antemortem testing available --> histopath of spongiform lesions 4. Third eyelid or rectal mucosal biopsy test by western blot or IHC to ID scrapie prions in lymphatic tissues 5. No tx, progressive to death 6. no feeding of ruminant derived protein, genetic testing for resistance (classical scrapie in sheep), notifiable dz

Question 10

Common disease with brainstem lesions

Accepted Answer

Listeriosis TEME Parelaphostrongylus tenuis

Question 11

LIsteriosis! 1. What causes it? 2. Where is it found? 3. CS of Neuro form 4. Dx 5. Tx 6. Prevention/Control 7. Zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

1. L. monocytogenes, Gram + bacteria 2. Grows in improperly stored silage or forages w/pH >5.4; also found in soil and GIT 3. Fever!!! (early), anorexia, depression, ataxia, head pressing; CN V-XII deficits, particularly V ad VII, neuro form does not cause abortion 4. hx (access to silage), CS, monocytosis in CSF, necropsy, brain tissue culture 5. Abx - long term, supportive 6. Remove the source 7. Zoonotic

Question 12

``` TEME! 1. Full name 2. Organism 3. Where does infection begin? 4. Clinical signs? 5. Dx? Tx? Vaccine? Px? ```

Accepted Answer

1. Thromboembolic Meningoencephalitis 2. Histophilus somni - Gram negative 3. Respiratory disease. Endothelial cells --> cell death --> initiation of clotting cascade --> THROMBOSIS. Activation of immune system 4. FEVER and asymmetrical neuro signs 5. Dx = CSF analysis, CBC (septicemia) --> necropsy Tx = Abx Vaccine = there is one but it has questionable efficacy Px = fair if caught early

Question 13

BVDV 1. CNS lesions occur if infected between ___-_____ days of gestation 2. Clinical signs? 3. Dx? 4. Tx? 5. Px?

Accepted Answer

1. 90-170 days 2. CEREBELLAR HYPOPLASIA.... also hydrancephaly, hydrocephalus, hypomyelinogenesis 3. Dx = clinical signs that are present at birth 4. Px = not compatible with life

Question 14

Where's the lesion.... Weakness, ataxia (rear limbs > front limbs), exaggerated reflexes, quadriplegia, respiratory or cardiac arrest

Accepted Answer

Cervical spine

Question 15

Where's the lesion.... Weakness in front legs and ataxia in rear legs. Exaggerated reflexes in the rear legs

Accepted Answer

Thoracic spine

Livestock Neuro Flashcards

(26 cards)