Living Organisms And Cells

Question 1

8 characteristics of living organisms

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Respond to surroundings
Control internal conditions
Grow and develop
Reproduce
Excrete waste
Need nutrition

Question 2

Definition of a Tissue

Answer 2

Group of similar cells that work together to produce a particular function

Question 3

Definition of an organ

Answer 3

Group of different tissues that work together to perform a function

Question 4

What do organs make up?

Answer 4

Work together to form organ systems (each does different job)

Question 5

Features of plants

Answer 5

• multicellular
• chloroplasts - photosynthesize
• have cell walls made of cellulose
• store carbohydrates as sucrose / starch

EG
cereals (eg. Maize)
herbaceous legumes (eg. Peas/Beans)

Question 6

Features of animals

Answer 6

• multicellular
• no chloroplasts (can’t photosynthesize)
• cells don’t have cell walls
• most have form of nervous coordination (can respond rapidly to changes in environment)
• usually can move
• often store carbohydrate in form of glycogen

EG mammals - humans
insects - housefly / mosquito

Question 7

Features of fungi

Answer 7

• some single-celled
• others have mycelium of hyphae (thread-like structures). Hyphae contains lots of nuclei
• can’t photosynthesise
• cells have cell walls made of chitin
• most feed by saprotrophic nutrition (secrete extra cellular enzymes into area outside body to dissolve food - can absorb nutrients)
• can store carbohydrate as glycogen

EG
yeast (single-celled fungus)
multicellular (multicellular and has mycelium of hyphae)

Question 8

Features of protoctists

Answer 8

• microscopic
• single-called
• some have chloroplasts and similar to plant cells
• others more like animal cells

EG
chlorella (plant-cell like)
amoeba (animal cell like) lives in pond water

Question 9

Features of Bacteria

Answer 9

• single-celled and microscopic
• no nucleus
• circular chromosome of DNA
• some can photosynthesise
• most feed off other organisms (both living and dead)

EG
lactobacillus Bulgaricus (rod-shaped, can make milk sour and turn to yoghurt)
Pneumococcus (spherical in shape)

Question 10

Definition of parasite

Answer 10

Organisms that depend on other organisms to live

Question 11

Features of viruses

Answer 11

• particles rather than cells
• smaller than bacteria
• can only reproduce inside living cells
• infect all types of living organisms
• come in many shapes and sizes
• no cellular structure (protein coat around genetic material - DNA/RNA)

Question 12

Definition of pathogen

Answer 12

Organisms that cause disease

Question 13

Example of disease causing protoctist

Answer 13

Plasmodium - causes malaria

Question 14

Example of disease causing bacterium

Answer 14

Pneumococcus- causes pneumonia

Question 15

Example of disease causing virus

Answer 15

Influenza virus- causes ‘flu’

HIV - AIDS