LIVINGSTON AND LUNT (REGULATION THEORY)

Question 1

Can you summarise Livingston and Lunts theory?

Answer 1

Regulation exists to protect audiences from harmful or offensive content. But there is ALWAYS conflict between protecting the public and ensuring freedom of expression. Media regulation has become complicated by globlisation, converged media, digital media.

Question 2

Theoretical idea- conflict between protection vs freedom of expression

Answer 2

Protection- of the public and vulnerable groups (children)
vs
Freedom of expression & consumer choice of entertainment.

Question 3

Theoretical idea- media regulation is complicated by…

Answer 3

Globalisation (international platforms like YouTube/Netflix),

Converged media (users can access content across platforms),

Digital media (audiences produce and share content freely).

Question 4

Regulation- public safety vs consumer choice (The Guardian)

Answer 4

The Guardian – Supports the idea of social responsibility by voluntarily adhering to strong editorial guidelines and fact-checking.

Question 5

Complication of media regulation- example?

Answer 5

The Daily Mail is regulated by IPSO.
However, self-regulation means it often avoids serious consequences for biased or misleading content
==shows the limits of regulation when protecting the public from harmful representations (e.g. racism, transphobia).