LM 6.3: Thigh Flashcards
(50 cards)
There is one vein in particular that bothers her the most. She points to it on the posterior lateral aspect of her calf. What is the most likely name of this vein?
which nerves runs along with it?
small saphenous vein
runs on the posterior part of the leg on the calf and drains into the popliteal vein = deep vein on the back of the knee
the sural nerve runs lateral to it in the calf
what is the course of the great saphenous vein?
it originates on the dorsal aspect of the foot then travels anteriorly to the medial malleolus in the foot then travels up the leg medially
it then travels posterior to the knee then resurfaces anterior medially in the thigh
it then ends at the saphenous opening in the groin area where it drains into the femoral vein
which nerves give cutaneous sensation to the gluteal region?
superior, middle and inferior cluneal nerves
which nerve runs along the course of the great sphenous vein? what does it innervate?
it is joined in its course by the saphenous nerve between the ankle and the knee
the saphenous nerve provides cutaneous innervation to the medial aspect of the leg and the foot
what are the 2 main superficial veins of the lower limb?
- great saphenous vein
2. small saphenous vein
what is venae comitantes?
the veins surrounding an artery
what are perforating veins?
connections between deep and superficial veins
what are varicose veins?
in a person without varicose veins, the muscles in the leg contract and the deep veins become compressed and the blood travels back towards the heart and as it does so it leaves an area of theoretical empty space within the deep veins which allows blood from the superficial veins to pass through the perforating veins to the deep veins
vericose veins reflect stasis of blood both at superficial and deep levels
so they result from from incompetent venous valves – valves prevent inferior flow of blood but in the case of varicose veins, the blood isn’t properly moving back towards heart and it becomes overflowed int the valve and the vale becomes incompetent
if there’s inadequate flow of blood you could get a thrombus = stationary blood clot
varicose = dilated and tortuous (squiggly)
what is a potential consequence of varicose veins?
pulmonary embolism
if there’s inadequate flow of blood you could get a thrombus = stationary blood clot
if the blood clot becomes mobile and go to the lungs where it could cause a PE
You are the sports medicine physician for a professional soccer team. During a game, you see a player excessively abduct his right hip and go down in pain. As you approach him on the field, you see that he is holding the superior aspect of his medial thigh. He tells you, “I think I pulled my groin, doc.” Which muscle did he most likely strain?
pectineus
aka pulled groin
what is a pulled groin?
it’s a straining of anteromedial thigh muscles from their proximal attachment (usually the pubis)
usually seen in sports that require quick starts, such as soccer, basketball, hockey and baseball
what is a strain?
tearing or stretching of muscle or tendon
what is a sprain?
tearing or stretching of ligament
what are the anteromedial thigh muscles that could be injured during a pulled groin?
- obturator externus
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- pectineus
what are the 3 compartments of the thigh?
- anterior
- medial
- posterior
what is the action and innervation of the 3 compartment s of the thigh?
- anterior = flexion of hip and extension of the knee
innervated by femoral nerve
- medial = adduction of the hip
innervated by obturator nerve
- posterior = extension of the hip and flexion of the knee
what are the anterior thigh muscles? what is their innervation and distal attachment?
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis
- pectineus
all of these are innervated by the femoral nerve and attach at the tibial tuberosity!
which muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
what is the attachment and innervation of the sartorius muscle?
proximal attachment = anterior superior iliac spine, i.e. ASIS
distal attachment = tibial tuberosity
innervation = femoral nerve
action = helps you sit cross-legged
what is the attachment, action and innervation of the rectus femoris?
proximal attachment = Anterior inferior iliac spine, i.e. AIIS
distal attachment = tibial tuberosity
action = flexes hip; extends knee
it’s the only muscle in the quadriceps femoris that can flex the hip!
innervation = femoral nerve
what is the attachment, action and innervation of the vastus lateralis?
distal attachment = tibial tuberosity
action = extends knee; straightens the knee
innervation = femoral nerve
what is the attachment, action and innervation of the vastus medialis?
distal attachment = tibial tuberosity
action = extends knee
innervation = nerve to vastus medialis (which is a branch of the femoral nerve)
what is the attachment, action and innervation of the vastus intermedius?
proximal attachment = shaft of femur (deep to rectus femorus)
distal attachment = tibial tuberosity
action = extends knee (does NOT act on the hip)
innervation = femoral nerve
what is the attachment, action and innervation of the pectineus?
proximal attachment = pubis
distal attachment = pectineal line of femur
action = flexes and adducts hip
innervation = femoral nerve
