LMSW Flashcards
(386 cards)
1
Q
group process
A
preaffiliation (forming) power & control (storming) intimacy (norming) differentiation (performing) separation/termination (adjourning)
2
Q
freuds stages
A
oral anal phallic latent genital
3
Q
maslow’s
A
physiological (d need) safety (d need) social (d need) esteem (d need) self-actualization (b need)
4
Q
couple’s development
A
romance power struggle stability commitment co-creation
5
Q
stages of change
A
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Relapse
6
Q
problem-solving process
A
engagement assessment planning treatment evaluation termination
7
Q
community organizing
A
Orientation
Conflict
Engagement / Emergence
Reinforcement
8
Q
crisis intervention steps
A
Assess lethality/establish safety Establish rapport Identify problems Deal with feelings Explore alternatives and new coping strategies Develop an action plan Follow-up
9
Q
ethical problem solving - steps
A
DETERMINE whether there is an ethical issue or dilemma
IDENTIFY the main principles & values involved
RANK the main principles & values that are most relevant to the issue or dilemma
DEVELOP an action plan
IMPLEMENT the action plan
REFLECT on the outcome
10
Q
erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages
A
B-1 Trust v Mistrust 1-3 Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt 3-6 Initiative v Guilt 6-12 Industry v Inferiority 12-18 Identity v Role Confusion EA Intimacy v Isolation MA Generativity v Stagnation LA Ego Integrity v Despair
11
Q
grief & loss (kubler-ross)
A
Denial/isolation, Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
12
Q
separation-individuation theory
A
Normal autistic
Normal symbiotic
Separation-individuation (hatching, practicing, rapprochement)
Object constancy
13
Q
coming out
A
feeling different
confusion
self-acceptance
14
Q
social settlements
A
linked to group practice
15
Q
charity orgs
A
precursors of modern SW; scientific casework
16
Q
3 domains of development
A
cognitive
affective
psychomotor
17
Q
sensorimotor
A
0-2
Manipulating objects; begins intentional actions; imitative play; *object permanence; schemas (mental representation) of objects;
functional play - repeated motor movements
18
Q
preoperational
A
2-7
Symbolic thinking; magical thinking; imaginary friends; thinking is concrete/irreversible; grammar; conservation; *egocentric
constructive play - building
19
Q
concrete operational
A
7-11
Beginning of logical thought; understand cause/effect; reversible thinking; *logical thinking
20
Q
formal operational
A
11+
*abstract thinking; hypothetical thinking
Propositional thought: evaluate the logic of propositions w/o real-world circumstances
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning: first form of reasoning in young adolescence
adolescence - personal fable = tendency to develop inflated opinion of own importance, believe others observing them
21
Q
preconventional (kohlberg)
A
Stage 1: obedience/punishment
Stage 2: self-interest
22
Q
conventional (kohlberg)
A
Stage 3: “good boy/girl”: acts to gain approval from others
Stage 4: authority & social order: obeys laws to maintain social system
23
Q
postconventional (kohlberg)
A
Stage 5: social contract: genuine interest in welfare of others; concerned w/ being morally right
Stage 6: concern for larger issues of morality
24
Q
operant conditioning - punishment
A
stops behavior
25
operant conditioning - reinforcement
increases behavior
26
operant behavior
voluntary, controlled by interaction w/ envroinment (conseuqences)
27
respondent behavior
involuntary, response to stimmulus
28
token economy
operant conditioning
client receives tokens as reinforcement for performing specified behaviors
29
biofeedback
behavioral theory
behavior training program that teaches how to control certain functions (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, & muscular tension)
often used for ADHD & Anxiety Disorders
30
flooding
prolonged real or imagined exposure to high intensity feared stimuli
31
in vivo desensitization
pairing & movement through a hierarchy of anxiety takes place in a “real” setting
32
systematic desensitization
anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation-producing response so that eventually an anxiety-producing stimulus produces a relaxation response
33
shaping
rain a new behavior by prompting & reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior
34
3-Stage Model for Adolescent Cultural & Ethnic Identity Development
Unexamined identity
Search for identity
Achievement of identity
35
Classic Model of Cultural, Racial, & Ethnic Identity Development
Pre-encounter: not consciously aware of culture/race/ethnicity & how it affects life
Encounter: has an
encounter (pos or neg) that provokes thought about identity
Immersion-Emersion: after encounter, confront identity; period of exploration through interaction within group
Internalization & Commitment: develop secure sense of identity; comfortable socializing both in & out of grp
36
self-esteem in childhood
young (high) v older (gain more accurate self-evaluation based on comparison/feedback)
37
self-esteem in adolescence
continues to decline from childhood (body image, puberty, etc.)
38
self-esteem in adulthood
increases gradually through adulthood; peaks in late 60s
39
self-esteem in older adulthood
declines; begins to drop around 70
40
couples dev - romance stage
courting/honeymoon; focus is attachment; symbiotic/mutualistic relationship; differences minimized
41
couples dev - power struggle
focus on differences rather than similarities; may need time apart; must learn to share power; accept partner without changing them
42
couples dev - stability
redirection away from partners & towards oneself; autonomy & individuality
practicing - live independently
rapprochement - reestablishing of intimacy
43
couples dev - commitment
embrace reality that both partners are human/good outweighs the bad; ideal time for marriage
44
couples dev - cocreation
consistency; mutual growth; often work on projects together (businesses, families, etc.)
45
early adolescence
thoughts on present (not future); deeper moral thinking; moodiness; privacy & independence; childish when stressed
46
middle adolescence
setting goals & thinking about meaning of life; changing bodies & worry about being “normal”; continued drive for independence
47
late adolescence
concern for future; can delay gratification; development of serious relationships; increased focus on cultural & ethnic identity
48
compensation
make up for deficiencies
49
conversion
repressed urge --> body fx
50
devaluation
attribute neg qualities to self or other
51
intellectualization
avoid emotions, focus on facts/logic
52
reaction formation
adopt opposite affect/behaviors
53
sublimation
turn maladaptive feelings into socially acceptable ones
54
substitution
replace unattainable goal with more attainable one
55
undoing
reverse unacceptable thoughts
56
dissociation
split mental functions so you can do bad things w/o responsibility
57
displacement
directing impulse towards less threatening person
58
introjection
loved/hated external objects absolved within self
59
isolation of affect
unacceptable impulse separated from memory
60
projectoin
attribute own feelings onto another
61
splitting
perceive as all good or all bad
62
turning
against self
| deflect hostile aggression from another to self
63
stages of tx for substance abuse
stabilization
rehab
maintenance
64
group think
when a group makes faulty/irrational decisions because of group pressures
65
group polarization
discussion strengthens a dominant POV → shift to more extreme pos than indiv members’
66
cognitive dissonance
when a person has to choose between 2 contradictory attitudes/beliefs; state of conflict
67
Echolalia
repeating noises & phrases; associated w/ Catatonia, Autism, & Schizophrenia
68
metacommunication
the context within which to interpret the content of the message (i.e. nonverbal communication, body language, vocalization)
69
conscious awareness level (freud)
info that a client is paying attention to at any given time
70
preconscious (freud)
info outside of a client’s attention but readily available if needed
71
unconscious (freud)
thoughts, feelings, desires, & memories that clients are unaware of but influence them
72
id
instinctual
pleasure principle
unconscious
73
superego
moral
| causes guilt
74
ego
manages, mediates
| reality principle
75
ego strength
ability of the ego to deal with the demands of the id, the superego, and reality; helps maintain emotional stability & cope with internal & external stress
76
oral stage (freud)
b-12 mos
activities involving mouth
result of fixation: smoking, eating, dependence on others
77
anal stage (freud)
2
bowels
result of fixation: overly controlling anal retentive) or easily angered (anal expulsive)
78
phallic stage (freud)
3-6
genitals
guilt or anxiety about sex
elektra + oedipus complexes
79
latency stage (freud)
6-puberty
| dormant sexuality
80
genital stage (freud)
puberty+
| sexual urges return
81
individual psychology
Main motivations for human behavior = striving for perfection
82
self-psychology
Empathic responses from early caretakers (self-objects) = child’s needs are met & develops strong sense of self
help client develop self-cohesion
83
Mirroring
(self psych)
| validates child’s sense of perfect self
84
Idealization
(self psych)
| child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable
85
Twinship
(self psych)
| child needs an alter ego for sense of belonging
86
Normal Autism
(obj relations)
0-1mo
Infant detached & self-absorbed
87
Normal Symbiotic
(obj relations)
1-5mo
Infant aware of mom, but no sense of individuality; infant & mom are one
88
Separation /Individuation
hatching
(obj relations)
5-9mo
Infant begins to differentiate; alert & interested in world w/ mother as point of orientation
89
Separation /Individuation
practicing
(obj relations)
9-15mo
Infant can crawl, then walk; explores & becomes more distant from mom
90
Separation /Individuation
Rapprochement
(obj relations)
15-24mo
Toddler realizes they are far, and becomes close again to mom; becomes tentative, wants mom in sight
91
Object Constancy
(obj relations)
24-38mo
Child understands that mom is a separate identity
92
Indicators of sexual Abuse
Extreme changes in behavior: regression, sad affect, short attention span, poor hygiene fears & anxieties, withdrawal, sleep disturbances, recurrent nightmares
May show unusual interest in sexual matters or know sexual info inappropriate for age
93
Indicators of psych abuse/neglect
Avoid eye contact, have flat & superficial way of relating
Deep loneliness, anxiety, or despair
Little empathy towards others - bullying, disruptive, or aggressive behavior
Engage in self-harming and/or self-destructive behaviors
94
Indicators of physical abuse/neglect
Unexplained bruises, welts, burns, fractures to face, lacerations or abrasions
95
bio component of biopsychosocial
medical hx, developmental hx, substance abuse hx, family hx of illnesses, medications (NOT intellectual performance)
96
psycho component of biopsychosocial
past & present psychiatric illness or symptoms, past & present psychosocial stressors, mental status
97
social component of biopsychosocial
client systems & context; strengths, supports and/or resources; sexual identity concerns, personal history, family of origin history, abuse history, education, legal history, marital/relationship status/concerns, work history; spiritual beliefs/cultural traditions
98
mental status exam
"current state of mind"
Appearance, Orientation (awareness of time/place, etc.), Speech pattern, Affect/mood, Impulsive/potential for harm, Judgment/insight, Thought processes/reality testing, Intellectual functioning/memory
99
endogenous depression
caused by chemical imbalance
100
exogenous depression
caused by external events or stressors
101
signs of marijuana use
glassy/red eyes; loud talking; laughter then sleepiness; loss of interest/motivation; weight gain/loss
102
signs of cocaine use
dilated pupils; hyperactive; euphoria; irritability; anxiety; excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping; long periods of time without eating/sleeping; thin/weight loss; dry mouth/nose; pale
103
cocaine withdrawal
depression, vomiting, fatigue
104
signs of heroin use
drowsy; euphoric; slow breathing; contracted pupils (no response to light), needle marks; sleeping at unusual times; sweating; vomiting; coughing, sniffling; twitching; loss of appetite
105
heroin withdrawal
bone pain, muscle spasms, anxiety, restlessness
106
signs of alcohol use
slurred speech, unsteady gait, coordination probs, staggering
107
alcohol withdrawal
slurring, seizures & tremors
108
Wernicke-Korsakoff
alcohol withdrawal - fatal - brain damage
109
signs of hallucinogen use
hallucinations, confusion, anxiety, suspicion
110
hallucinogen withdrawal
none
111
organic brain syndrome
Physical disorder that impair mental function
Symptoms: confusion, impairment of memory, judgment, intellectual function, agitation
Caused by alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Parkinson’s, stroke, etc.
112
ataxia
lack of muscle control during voluntary movements - can also affect speech, eye movement, swallowing
113
agnosia
inability to recongize fmiilari objects
114
apraxia
inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage.
115
acalculia
inability to perform simple math, typically resulting from disease/injury of the parietal lobe of brain
116
Prosopagnosia
inability to recognize familiar faces
117
WISC
most commonly used intelligence test
118
Beck Depression Inventory
assesses presence & degree of depression in adolescents & adults; assesses SI
119
MMPI
personality test (550 items) or assesses psychopathology
120
Myers-Briggs
elf-report inventory that classifies individuals along 4 dimensions
121
Stanford-Binet
intelligence scale for children and adults
122
projective tests
from psychoanalytic approach
uncover unconscious desires
TAT
&
Rorschach
123
Thematic Apperception Test
make up stories based on pictures of ambiguous scenes
124
Rorschach Inkblot Test:
used to assess perceptual reactions & other psychological functioning
125
Other Specified
specify why criteria not met
126
Unspecified
no specification
127
Intellectual Disability
(neurodev disorder)
deficit in f(x) AND failure to meet dev standards for independence & social responsibility
develop before 18
mild, moderate, severe IQ ranges
128
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
```
Intelletual disabilites
Communciation disorders
ASD
ADHD
Specific learning disorder
Tic disorder
Motor (Tourette's)
```
129
Language disorder
low language capacity
130
Speech sound disorder
unintelligible speech
131
Childhood-onset fluency disorder
stuttering
132
Social (Pragmatic) Communication disroder
ulties in social use of verbal/nonverbal communication
133
Autism Spectrum Disorder
3 social deficits
- social-emotional reciprocity
- nonverbal communication
- developing/maintaining friendships
+ at least 2 restricted/repetitive behaviors and interests
- stereotyped, repetitive movement
- inflexible adherence to routine
- fixated interest
- hypersensitivity to sensory input
134
ADHD
at least 6 mos
appear beofre age 12
doesn't need to be hyperactive
135
Specifid Learning diosrder
neesd to last at least 6 mos
| reading, writing, math
136
Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder
Odd or eccentric or paranoid thinking, speaking, dressing
| strange, outlandish, or paranoid beliefs - "magical thinking"
137
Delusional Disorder
At least 1 delusion for at least 1 month; function not impaired outside the delusion
138
Delusional disorder - Erotomanic
another person in love w/ me
139
Delusional disorder - grandiose
i'm the best
140
Delusional disorder - jealous
spouse unfaithful
141
Delusional disorder - persecutory type
everyones otu to get me
142
Delusional disorder - somatic type
bodily fx/sensations
143
Delusional disorder - mixed type
no predominant delusion
144
Delusional disorder - unspecified type
cant be determined/described by types
145
Brief psychotic disorder
0-1 mos
| One or more: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior
146
Schizophreniform
<6 mos
| Same as schizo
147
Schizophrenia
6+ months
Two or more: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech
PLUS disorganized or catatonic behavior
148
anhedonia
(schizo negative symptom)
| loss of pleasure
149
avolition
(schizo negative symptom)
| loss of motivation
150
Alogia
(schizo negative symptom)
| diminihsed speech
151
Schizoaffective disorder
diagnostic criteria for depression/bipolar (manic epi) AND schizophrenia
Experience delusions/hallucinations for 2 wks+ when NOT having depressive or manic episode
152
mania
excessive energy, restlessness, risky behavior, euphoria, no sleep, racing thoughts/speech, grandiosity
153
Bipolar I
| most severe
Mania (7 days+)
clinically significant impact on f(x) - hospitalization
Usually, depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least 2 weeks.
Episodes of depression w/ mixed features (depression + manic symptoms @ same time) possible
154
Bipolar II
Hypomania (4 days+)
2 weeks of depression
No hospitalization
155
Cyclothymic
| most mild
Periods of hypomania + depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children) at least half of time + constant for 2 months
156
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
irritability, anger, temper outbursts out of proportion and inconsistent with dev level
starts before age 10 (between 6 and 18)
New in DSM-5 - created in response to overdiagnosis of childhood bipolar
157
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
At least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
more episodic, often suicidal ideation
5+ depressive symptoms for at least 2 weeks
weight loss/gain; sluggishness; fatigue; trouble concentration; feeling worthless
158
Persistent Depressive Disorder
(previously dysthymia)
| mild/low grade, long-lasting (at least 2 years - 1 for children)
159
separation anxiety
```
typically diagnosed in children (have it for 4 weeks)
in adults (6 months)
```
160
selective mutism
(anxiety diosrder)
| occurs in specific social situatoin
161
panic disorder
Panic Attack - at least 4 symptoms
| + at least 1: worry about having another attack; maladaptive behavior changes
162
agoraphobia
fear/avoidance of at least 2: public transit, open or enclosed spaces, lines/crowds, leaving house
163
GAD
at least 6 months
| 3 or more: restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentration, irritable, sleep disturb, muscle tension
164
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
obsessions (thoughts) and compulsions (behavior)
165
Body dysmorphic disorder
preoccupation with perceived deficit in experience not observable to others
repetitive behaviors or mental acts
166
Hoarding disorder
difficulty parting with possessions, perceived need to save items
results: accumulation to point of compromising intended use
167
Trichotillomania
hair pulling
168
Excoriation disorder
skin picking
169
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Infancy or early childhood
*hx of neglect
Disturbed and inappropriately developed attachments of behaviors
Child/infant will not turn to attachment figure for comfort, etc.
Inhibited, withdrawan
170
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Infancy or early childhood
*hx of neglect
Overly friendly, very talkative, not afraid of strangers
Will not look to caregivers for permission to approach strangers
171
PTSD
1+ month
Stressor + intrusion; avoidance; neg cognition/mood; hyperarousal
172
Acute distress disorder
PTSD but <1 mo
173
Adjustment Disorders
distress that is out of proportion to new stressor (happens <3 mos from onset of symptoms)
results in occupational or social impairment
Higher risk of suicide
174
Dissociative Identity Disorder
mulitple personalities
May feel the presence of 2+ people talking or living inside head
Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal info, and/or traumatic events
175
Dissociative Amneisa
Can't recall info about oneself or events and people in life
It may sometimes involve travel or confused wandering away from your life (dissociative fugue).
An episode of amnesia usually occurs suddenly and may last minutes, hours (rarely, mos/yrs)
176
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Ongoing or episodic sense of detachment or being outside oneself
Observing self from a distance as though watching a movie (depersonalization)
Environment (people, time, etc.) may seem unreal (derealization)
177
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Symptoms concern them and/or drive them to see doctors very frequently
178
Illness Anxiety Disorder
(hypochondria)
| Excessive preoccupation and worry about the possibility of being/getting sick
179
Conversion Disorder
body manifestation of psychological stress (often loss of fx - sensory loss or paralysis)
Physical symptoms resemble those of a nervous system disorder
180
Factitious Disorder
(Munchausen)
| Pretend to have symptoms for no apparent external reason
malingering -- intentional for external incentive
181
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
"Extreme picky eating", abnormally slow eating, lack of appetite
182
Anorexia Nervosa
food restriction resulting in low weight
| distorted self perception, fear of weight gain
183
Bulimia
binge eating + purging
184
Binge-eating disorder
no purging
185
Purging disorder
no binging
186
Enuresis
elimination disorder after 4
| bed wetting
187
Encopresis
elimination disorder ater 4
| feces
188
hypersomnolence
sleep too much
189
parasomnia
sleep walking
190
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Patterns of anger/irritability, argumentative or defiant behavior, and/or vindictiveness
Not aggressive toward people/animals, doesn’t destroy property or show pattern of theft/deceit
191
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Explosive outbursts of anger (rage) that are disproportionate to the situation/stressor
192
Conduct Disorder
Repetitive & persistent pattern of behavior that violates basic rights of others
aggression to people/animals, destruction of property, violation of rules, deceitfulness/theft
***often seen as the precursor to antisocial PD (not diagnosed until 18)
193
Antisocial Personality Disorder
**After 18 (with onset before 15)
impulsive, irresponsible, unlawful behavior, aggressive, etc.
no remorse, amoral, lack of affect
194
Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders
alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogen, inhalant, opioid, sedative, stimulant, tobacco
^^ [substance] use disorder, [substance] intoxication and [substance] withdrawal → except caffeine just has intoxication + withdrawal
Removed legal issues
Added craving/urge
195
Neurocognitive disorder
Delirium (temporarily, reversible-- caused by meds or dehydration or alcohol)
Rest are progressive and not reversible
Major or Mild - due to Alzheimer’s (most common), Parkinson’s, Traumatic Brain Injury, HIV, etc.
196
Personality Disorders - Cluster A
SPS.O
ODD
Schizoid
Paranoid
Schizotypal
197
Schizoid
Cluster A
Loner
Introverted, withdrawn, solitary, cold & distant; absorbed with own thoughts and feelings; fearful of closeness/intimacy with others
198
Paranoid
Cluster A
Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others (tx: be supportive, not confronting)
199
Schizotypal
Cluster A
Odd or eccentric thinking, speaking, dressing
"magical thinking"
200
Cluster B
BNAH.D
Dramatic
borderline
narcisssistic
antisocial
histrionic
201
Borderline
Cluster B
instability, extremes
unstable interpersonal relationships, behavior, mood, & self-image; self-destructive
202
Narcissistic
Cluster B
grandiose, entitled, self-important
fantasies of infinite success
203
Antisocial
Cluster B
amorality & lack of affect
204
Histrionic
Cluster B
attention-seeking & seductive
emotional & provocative
melodramatic or "over the top"
205
Cluster C
AOD.A
ANXIOUS
avoidant
obsessive-compulsive
dependent
206
avoidant personality
Cluster C
hypersensitive to rejection, unwilling to become involved with others
avoidance of social events or work that involves interpersonal contact
207
obsessive-compulsive persoanlity
Cluster C
Unlike OCD, no obsessions (just compulsions)
Believe actions have aim/purpose and are rational (not distressed)
208
Dependent personality disorder
Cluster C
Dependent & submissive; rely on others to make personal decisions
Require excessive reassurance & advice
209
tardive dyskinesia
medication induced movement disorder
impaired nervous system; long term use of antipsychotics;
210
acute dystonia
medication induced movement disorder
abnormal positioning/postures, caused by antipsychotic, anti depression, antiemetic
211
akathisia
medication induced movement disorder
uncontrollable urges to move or walk; antipsychotics
212
SOAP
subjective
objective
assessment
plan
213
experimental resaerch
intervention groups, control, random; *rigorous/strongest
214
quasi-expeirmental
intervention groups, control, NOT random (used when randomization not feasible)
*waht we use
215
pre-experimental
intervention groups, NO control, NOT random; weakest
216
double blind two variable study:
pre-expeirmental
participants and researchers unaware of who gets intervention
217
Single subject
determines whether intervention has intended impact
218
singel case study
AB
compare behavior before (baseline; A)& after treatment (intervention; B)
flexible simple & low cost but small # participants = poor external validity
219
nominal variable
cateogry
220
ordinal variable
order
221
interval variable
time (no true 0)
222
ratio variable
ratio (true 0)
223
Standard deviation
34%; 95% within 2 SDs of the mean; 99.6% within 3
224
r-value
correlation coefficient -- closer to 1 or -1, the stronger association is.
225
Interrater/Interobserver Reliability:
degree to which diff ppl give consistent estimates of same phenomenon
226
Test-Retest Reliability:
consistency of a single measure from one time to another
227
parallel forms reliability
consistency of results of diff versions of an assessment tool measuring same construct
228
internal consistency reliability
the degree to which diff test items of same construct produce similar results
229
internal validity
extent to which study establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between tx & outcome
230
external validity
how generalizable those inferences are to the general population
231
face validity
whether the measure appears to be assessing the intended construct
232
content validity
whether all of the relevant content domains are covered
233
criterion validity
correlates test results with another criterion of interest (i.e. used to predict future or current performance)
234
predictive validity
if test actually predicts what it is suppoed to predict
235
concurrent validity
: assesses whether constructs distinguish between groups
236
validity
degree to which what is being measured actually is what is claimed to be measured)
237
reliability
consistency
238
3 parts of treamtnet fidelity
treatmetn adherence
therapist compentence
tremtent differentiation
239
type 1 error
‘false positive’ – detecting an effect that isn’t actually present
240
type 2 error
‘false negative’ – failure to detect an effect that is actually present
241
precontemplation stage
client is unaware, unable, and/or unwilling to change; denial, ignorance of problem
242
contemplation stage
client is ambivalent/conflicted regarding behavior change → behaviors are unpredictable
243
preparation stage
experimenting with small changes, collecting information about change
244
action stage
taking direct action twoard achieivng goal
245
maintenace stage
maitning a new bheavior, avoidint temptation
246
relapse stage
feeling of furstration & failure
247
reflecting
adds emotion
248
confrontation
calling attention
249
reframing
: stating problem in different way so client can see different solutions
250
clarification
reformulate problem in client’s words to make sure on the same page
251
universalization
generalization/normalization of behavior
252
interpretation
pull together patterns to get new understanding
253
live modeling
watching a real person perform the desired behavior
254
symbolic modeling
filmed or videotaped models showing desired behavior (think: TV = symbol)
255
participant modeling
2-step process: models for client & then client tries (think: “now your turn”)
256
covert modeling
clients uses imagination to visualize a behavior as another describes the situation in detail (think: “cover your eyes”)
257
mastery model
shows no fear, competent from beginning of demonstration
258
coping model
initially fearful/incompetent, then gets better
259
solution-fcoused therapy
improve qulaity of life
| coping
260
task-centerd therapy
SW & client work together to come to solution but work is done outside treatment
261
6 levels of congition
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
262
Gottman method
Couples therapy approach
| Focuses on conflicting verbal communication in order to increase intimacy, respect, & affection
263
strategic family therapy
Examines family processes and functions, such as communication or problem-solving patterns
Brief, direct, task-centered
reduce symptoms through altering styles of feedback that maintain the problem
SW is more interested in creating change in behavior than change in understanding
264
1st order changes
superfiical, dont change structure
265
2nd order changes
to systematic interactoin pattenrs
266
pretned tehcnique
family rolpeays idff behvioral strateiges
267
relabeling
change preception by changing language
268
paradoxical directive
prescribe problem so client can grasp behavior's signficiance
269
structural family therapy
Looks at family relationships, behaviors, and patterns as they are exhibited within the therapy session in order to evaluate the structure of the family
disengaged families more likely to form coalitions than enmeshed families
Enactments
270
bowenian
Society like family
Focus on clear communication instead of double bind
Not seeking symptom reduction
Identifying multigenerational behavioral patterns (generational transmission of issues)
Genogram
271
differentiation
(bowenian)
the more differentiated, the more client can be an individual
272
emotioanl fusion
(bowenian)
tendency for family members to share an emotional response
273
emotional triangle
(bowenian)
| network of relationships among three people
274
primary prevention strategy
prevention
| protect people from developing a disease/injury in the first place
275
secondary prevention
short-term mitigation after disease, injury, or illness
| deal with short-term consequences, slow the progression or limit the long-term impacts
276
tertiary prevention
: long-term efforts; managing more complicated, long-term diseases, injuries, or illnesses; prevent further deterioration & maximize quality of life
277
cooptation
strategy used to influence social policy as leaders will try to quiet dissention or disturbances
deal with immediate grievances, channel dissenters into less disruptive activities; offer incentives
278
coercive power
power form control/punishment
279
reward power
power from control of rwards
280
expert power
power from superior ability or knwoledge
281
referent power
power from having charisma or identification with others who have power
282
legitimate power
power from having legitimate authority
283
informational power
power from having info
284
Locality development
work with community/neighborhood to solve common problem at local level
SW as enabler / empowerer / broker / mediator CONSENSUS, HOMOGENEOUS
285
Social planning
plan/develop programs to solve issues / researching problem
SW as expert - gather data and facts RATIONAL PROBLEM SOLVING, TECHNICAL METHODS
286
social action
help disadvantaged people in community
SW as activist and advocate - takes action & confront on their behalf
287
social reform
change social policy, form + bring coalitions together
SW as organizer - joining groups together to take joint action towards specific goals
288
steps to community organizing
```
identify key leaders
assess needs
identify goals and objectives
action plan
recruit support
mobilize resources
```
289
steps to soical policy analysis
```
verify, define, detail problem
establish evaluation criteria
identify alternative policies
evaluate alternative policis
distinguish between alternative policies
monitor implemented policy
```
290
Classical Organizational Theories
(tough, authoritarian)
scientific management (theory x)
weber's
adminsitrative
291
Scientific management-theoryX
classical
: finding the ‘one’ best way to perform each task; closely supervising workers & controlling behavior (w/ reward/punishment)
292
Weber's bureaucratic
classical
need for hierarchical structure of power to ensure stability & uniformity
293
adminsitrative theory
classical
universal set of management principles to apply to all organizations
294
Neoclassical theories
human relations theory (theory y)
295
human relations theory (theory y)
reaction to classical theory; genuine concern for human needs; importance of cohesive work groups, participatory leadership, & open communication
296
Modern Organizational Approaches
systems
sociotechnical
contingency/situational
297
systems approach (orgs)
modern
org. as a system composed of a set of interrelated, mutually dependent subsystems
298
sociotechnial approach
modern
org. as composed of a social system, technical system & its environment
299
Contingency/Situational Approach
modern
org. systems are interrelated with their environment & different environments require different org. systems for effectiveness
300
Acquisition
gathering of human, material, & economic resources
301
allocation
distribution of resources internally (i.e. to specific depts) or externally (i.e. contracting consultants)
302
components of supervision
administrative
educational
supportive
303
Cost-Benefit Analysis
(program eval)
financial costs of operating a program vs the fiscal benefits of its outcomes
304
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis:
(program eval)
benefits that are not measured in monetary terms (illnesses prevented,lives saved)
305
outcome assessment
(program eval)
the process of determining whether a program has achieved its intended goals
306
Stages of program eval
```
Engage Stakeholders
Describe program design
Focus evaluation design
Gather evidence
Justify conclusions
Use and share lesson learned
```
307
steps in ethical problem solving
DETERMINE whether there is an ethical issue or dilemma
IDENTIFY the main principles & values involved
RANK (weigh) the main principles & values that are most relevant to the issue or dilemma
DEVELOP an action plan (suggest modifications)
IMPLEMENT the action plan
REFLECT on the outcome / monitor for new ethical issues
308
advance directives
legal written agreements that will be honored when people can no longer communicate their wishe
includes living wills (client’s preference for medical care) +/or power of attorney (clients designate other people to make healthcare decisions on their behalf)
309
advocate
champion rights of others with goal of empowerment; speak on behalf of clients
310
case mgr
oordination of services that includes planning, facilitating, advocating
311
broker
identify, locate, & link client systems to resources; negotiate the terms of service delivery
312
change agent
part of a group or org to improve/restructure service provision; uses problem-solving model
313
counselor
goal of improving social functioning; help clients articulate needs, clarify their problems, apply strategies, etc.; empower clients by affirming personal strengths & capacities
314
mediator
when dispute resolution is needed; intervene in disputes between parties to help them find compromises, etc.; takes neutral stance
315
burnout
physical, emotional, psychological, and/or spiritual exhaustion re: not seeing change in clients
manifests in cynicism or lack of satisfaction; develops over time
316
secondary trauma
empathic over-identification w/ clients’ traumatic experiences + physical symptoms
symptoms mirror those experienced by the primary victim; occurs more immediately
317
compassion fatigue
combines secondary trauma and burnout + frustration w/ bureaucracy
overall emotional & physical fatigue due to the use of empathy when treating clients
develops over time
318
ativan
panic
319
valium
panic
320
xanax
panic
321
klonopin
panic
322
celexa
depression
323
paxil
depression
324
prozac
depression
325
lexapro
depression
326
wellbutrin
depression
327
zoloft
depression
328
cymbalta
depression
329
anafranil
depression
330
ascendin
depression
331
elavil
dperession
332
norporamin
depression
333
pamelor
depression
334
aventyl sinequan
depression
335
surmontil
depression
336
tofranil
depression
337
vivactil
depression
338
nardil
depression
339
parnate
depression
340
effexor
depression
341
desyrel
depression
342
remeron
depression
343
serzone
depression
344
wellbutrin
depression
345
clorazil
schizo
346
haldol
schizo
347
risperdal
schizo
348
thorazine
schizo
349
zyprexa
schizo
350
loxitane
schizo
351
mellaril
schizo
352
moban
schizo
353
navane
schizo
354
prolixin
schizo
355
serentil
schizo
356
setelazine
schizo
357
trilafon
schizo
358
invega
schizo
359
abilify
schizo
360
seroquel
schizo
361
lithium
bipolar
362
depakote
bipolar
363
lamictal
bipolar
364
tegretol
bipolar
365
topomax
bipolar
366
adderall
ADHD
367
concerta
ADHD
368
ritalin
ADHD
369
vyvanse
ADHD
370
dexedrine
ADHD
371
metadate
ADHD
372
1964: Title VI Civil Rights Act
No person excluded from program receiving federal $
No discirmination in hiring
Desegregated schools & public buildings
373
1965: Older American Acts (OAA)
administration of aging - federal grants to states for 60+
local area agencies on aging (AAA)
access, in-home, community, caregiver, volunteer work
374
1974: Child Abuse Prevention & Treatment Act
federal funding to states
375
1974: Family Educational Rights & Privacy Act (FERPA)
Privacy of educational records
Under 18: parents can inspect student records, formal hearing, statement in record
Schools need written permission from parents to release
376
1975: Education for Handicapped Children Act
free education
| IEPS
377
1978: Indian Child Welfare Act
Nations have jurisdiction over welfare cases that involve children
Hierarchy procedure
verify tribal identity
allow tribal jurisdiction
if tribal jurisdiction rejected: place with family member / palace with tribe fam / place with no-tribe fam
378
1980: Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act
Family preservation and reunification
Courts to review child welfare cases more regularly
States required to have preservation and reunification programs
Kids in nonpermanent settings to be seen every 6 months
Adoption subsidy for complex needs and disabilities
379
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits discrimination
Requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations
Condition does not need to be severe or permanent to be disability
380
1991: Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
Advanced directives at all healthcare facilities that received federal funding
AD = legally designate person to make decisions on behalf about continuation of support
If a person has not told someone wishes, a decision to remove or put on life support cannot be made, legally
living wills = control in case of illness/injury
families inform clients of rights
381
1993: Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
12 weeks unpaid, job-protected leave to eligible employees with continuation of insurance coverage
382
1994: Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA)
Agencies can’t refuse or delay foster parents because of parents’ race, color, or national origin.
383
1994: VAWA
Federal rape shield law: victim’s past sexual hx cannot be used against them in trial
Victim protection order
Dedicated law enforcement and prosecution
Training for judges, advocates
384
1996: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)
Shift in federal cash assistance
Workforce development component to welfare
TANF
Lifetime 5-year limit on benefits
385
1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Access to medical records
| Privacy protections
386
2010: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA):
```
More access to insurance
Curbs costs
Expands health workforce
Reduce uncompensated care
Comparison shopping
Medicare reforms
```
