LO 1

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of a grape?

Answer 1

Skin
Pulp
Seeds and stems

Question 2

Skin of grapes is responsible for:

Answer 2

Color, tannins, flavors

Question 3

Pulp of grapes is responsible for:

Answer 3

Sugar, acid, water, flavor

Question 4

Seems and stems contain:

Answer 4

High levels of tannin.

Question 5

Vines need:

Answer 5

Warmth, sunlight, CO2, water, nutrients

Question 6

1st stage of grape formation:

Answer 6

Flowering

Question 7

Stages of grape ripening:

Answer 7

Flowering, fruit set, veraison

Question 8

What is veraison?

Answer 8

When grapes begin to lose their green color. White grapes become golden and black grapes become red and purple

Question 9

Ripeness of grapes:

Answer 9

Unripe, ripe, extra ripe

Question 10

As grapes ripen, they lose _____ and gain ______.

Answer 10

Acidity, sugar

Question 11

Extra ripening:

Answer 11

Accumulate higher sugar levels. Then can turn to raisins as water evaporates and sugar and acid concentrates. Commonly used to make sweet wines.

Question 12

Northern hemisphere growing time:

Answer 12

April- October

Question 13

Southern Hemisphere growing time:

Answer 13

October- April

Question 14

Avg temp for “cool” climate

Answer 14

62 degrees

Question 15

Ave temp for “moderate” climate

Answer 15

65 degrees

Question 16

Avg temp for “warm” climate

Answer 16

70 degrees

Question 17

Most vineyards are grown between how many degrees of the equator

Answer 17

30 and 50 degrees

Question 18

Higher altitude vineyard means what type of climate

Answer 18

Cooler

Question 19

Vineyards close to the ocean benefit how?

Answer 19

Warmer climates benefit from cooler breeze. Cooler climates can benefit from warmer ocean breeze

Question 20

Why are rivers beneficial by vineyards

Answer 20

Take longer to warm and cool the land. Can provide warmth in cooler areas, help protecting from frost. Can reflect sunlight to help grapes ripen.

Question 21

Slopes facing the equator

Answer 21

Receive more heat and light. Produce riper grapes

Question 22

What season are vines typically pruned

Answer 22

Winter

Question 23

Why are vines pruned

Answer 23

To make sure they retain shape, and allow viable crop and harvest in the upcoming year

Question 24

What does high yields of grapes mean

Answer 24

Diluted flavor and lower level of sugar

Question 25

Early harvest grape characteristics:

Answer 25

Less sugar Higher acid Less- ripe flavor

Question 26

Late harvest grape characteristics:

Answer 26

High sugar Low acid Riper flavors

Question 27

What is a GI:

Answer 27

Legally defined vineyards area. Can be large like an entire country or very small like a singular vineyard.

Question 28

GI in EU:

Answer 28

More strict. Where grapes are grown, which grapes and grown and how wines should be made

Question 29

GI in EU subdivision

Answer 29

PDO PGI

Question 30

GI outside EU

Answer 30

Less strict. Used to indicate where grapes are grown to make the wine. Winemakers are free to grow whatever grapes they feel would be most successful in thag region. More variation

Question 31

PDO:

Answer 31

Protected Designation of Origin: small area. Tight regulations. Many of europes most famous and prestigious wines are classified as PDO

Question 32

PGI:

Answer 32

Protected Geographical Indication. Wider area and less strict than PDO. More flexibility. Can be varied, high volume, inexpensive or low volume very expensive.

Question 33

France PGI

Answer 33

AOC AOP

Question 34

France PDO

Answer 34

IGP

Question 35

Italy PGI

Answer 35

DOC DOCG

Question 36

Italy PGI

Answer 36

IGT

Question 37

Spain PDO

Answer 37

DO DOCa

Question 38

Spain PGI

Answer 38

Vino de le Tierra

Question 39

Germany PDO

Answer 39

Qualitatswein Pradikatswein

Question 40

Germany PGI

Answer 40

Landwein

Question 41

Vieilles vignes meaning

Answer 41

Old vine. Older vines produce smaller number of grapes. Smaller crop = concentrated, complex. Can be highly prized.

Question 42

Vintage

Answer 42

The years grapes were harvested