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Unit 4 anatomy and physiology > LO1 > Flashcards

LO1 Flashcards

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1
Q

1.1 what are the concepts of blood

A 
erythrocytes
lymphocytes 
neutrophils 
 monocytes 
platelets 
plasma
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2
Q

1.1 what are erythrocytes

A

erythrocytes are commonly known as red blood cells, erythrocytes contain haemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the tissues and the lungs

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3
Q

1.1 what are lymphocytes

A

lymphocytes are white blood cells present within lymph that fight infection and destroy cells that are abnormal or damaged

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4
Q

1.1 what are neutrophils

A

neutrophils are white blood cells in the body’s immune system responsible for fighting off bacteria and viruses

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5
Q

1.1 what are monocytes

A

monocytes are the biggest type of white blood cells in the body’s immune system responsible for fighting off bacteria and viruses

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6
Q

1.1 what are platelets

A

blood is made up of platelets. platelets are cells that enable the blood to thicken or clot

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7
Q

1.1 what is plasma

A

plasma is the liquid part of the blood and lymphatic fluid. it transports red and white blood cells and platelets around the body

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8
Q

1.2 what are the functions of blood

A 
transport 
temperature regulation 
exchange of materials with the body's tissues 
preventing infections 
blood clotting
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9
Q

1.2 what is transport

A

one of the main functions of blood is to transport elements required for life around the body

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10
Q

1.2 what is temperature regulation

A

all our chemical reactions are regulated by proteins called enzymes

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11
Q

1.2 the exchange of materials with body tissues

A

capillaries supply the tissues with oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products such as carbon dioxide. our respiratory system takes in air containing oxygen which is needed by cells and body tissues

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12
Q

1.2 preventing infection

A

lymphocytes recognise when organisms hijack cells to reproduce. so the lymphocytes destroys the cell along with the virus

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13
Q

1.2 blood clotting

A

platelets activate a chain reaction that traps both platelets and erythrocytes to form a clot

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14
Q

1.3 list the structure of the heart

A 
atria 
ventricles 
vena cava (superior/inferior)
pulmonary arteries and veins 
aorta 
tricuspid and bicuspid valves 
semi-lunar valves 
coronary arteries
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15
Q

1.3 what is the atria

A

these are the two upper chambers of the heart. the right atrium receives blood into the heart from the veins that transport blood low in oxygen and the left atrium receives blood from the lungs that is rich in oxygen

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16
Q

1.3 what are ventricles

A

these are the two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood around the whole body

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17
Q

1.3 what is the vena cava

A

this refers to the large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart

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18
Q

1.3 what is the pulmonary artery

A

the artery carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation

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19
Q

1.3 what are pulmonary veins

A

pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood. oxygenated blood from the lungs is circulated back in to the heart through the pulmonary veins that drain into the left atrium

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20
Q

1.3 what is the aorta

A

the aorta is the largest artery in the body. it carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

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21
Q

1.3 what is the tricuspid valve

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A

these valves are located between the right ventricle and the right atrium of the heart. they prevent the blood flowing back into the right atrium of the heart

22
Q

1.3 what is the bicuspid valve

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A

the bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. its function is to allow blood to flow one way

23
Q

1.3 what are the semi-lunar valves

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A

semi-lunar valves are located in the heart, in the aorta and the pulmonary artery. their functions are to allow blood to flow one way and to prevent the back flow of blood back into the heart after contraction

24
Q

1.3 what are coronary arteries

Study These Flashcards
A

these are blood vessels that deliver oxygenated blood to the heart

25
1.4 what are the functions of blood
``` double pump diastole systole cardiac cycle role of the component parts ```
26
1.4 what is double pump
your heart is a single organ but acts as a double pump. the first pump carries blood low in oxygen to your lungs where it unloads carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. it then delivers blood rich in oxygen back to your heart. the second pump delivers blood rich in oxygen to the rest of the body
27
1.4 what is diastole
diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill up with blood
28
1.4 what is systole
systole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contract and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries
29
1.4 what is the cardiac cycle
the cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of electrical events that repeats with every heartbeat. it includes the phase of relaxation of diastole and the contraction of systole
30
1.4 what is the role of the component parts
there are four component parts: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
31
1.5 control and regulation of the cardiac cycle
the SA node the AV node purkyne fibres ECG test
32
1.5 the SA node
the SA node is situated in the upper wall of the right atrium of the heart and is responsible for setting the rhythm of the body's pulse.
33
1.5 the AV node
the AV node is situated at the bottom of the right atrium of the heart and is responsible for the rhythm of the contractions of the heart by transmitting impulses it receives from the SA node and sending it to the atria of the ventricles
34
1.5 what are purkyne fibres
these are the muscle fibres that transmit the impulses from the AV node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract
35
1.5 what is an ECG trace
an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that monitors the electrical activity of the heart
36
1.6 types, structure and functions of blood vessels
arteries veins capillaries
37
1.6 what are arteries
arteries are blood vessels that transport blood rich in oxygen away from the heart
38
1.6 what are veins
veins are blood vessels that transports blood low in oxygen from the body back to the heart
39
1.6 what are capillaries
capillaries are very small, thin blood vessels that allow the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide through their walls
40
1.7 formation of tissue fluid and lymph
role of hydrostatic pressure blood proteins structure and role of lymphatic system
41
1.7 what is the role of hydrostatic pressure
this is the force this is exerted by a fluid against the capillary wall. it helps in the movement of fluid between capillaries and the interstitial fluid
42
1.7 what are blood proteins
blood proteins are proteins present in the blood plasma. they serve many different functions, including transport of lipids, hormones, vitamins and minerals in activity and functioning of the immune system
43
1.7 what is the structure and role of lymphatic system
the lymphatic system is a circulatory system that drains fluid from the blood vessels.
44
1.8 cardiovascular malfunctions
hypertension | coronary heart disease
45
1.8 what is hypertension
hypertension refers to when your blood pressure is continually higher than the recommended pressure level
46
1.8 what is coronary heart disease (CHD)
this is a disease where a waxy substance called plague builds up inside the coronary arteries. this can lead to angina, a stoke or even a heart attack (death)
47
1.9 monitoring, treatment and care needs for cardiovascular
monitoring treatment care needs
48
1.9 monitoring cardiovascular malfunctions
an electrocardiogram (ECG) to record electrical activity, EKG systems to archive patients results, cardiac monitoring detects diseases/damages
49
1.9 treatments for cardiovascular malfunctions
relieve symptoms reduces the risk of factors (build up of plague) lowering the risk of blood clots forming widen/bypass plague clogged coronary arteries prevent CHD complications
50
1.9 care needs for cardiovascular malfunctions
an ECG monitor and a given angiogram could lead to a coronary bypass which was a success

Unit 4 anatomy and physiology (1 decks)

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