LO1 - mostly cancer Flashcards
(21 cards)
Emergency management of stroke
- Fluids - Rehydrate NI saline
(except in very large strokes but otherwise oki) - TPA w/in 4.5 hours
- break down blood clots
- sig risk of hemorrhage - Glucose only if pt has hypoglycemia
- get rid of hemiplegic deficits
what WHO histo grade is mitotic activity seen?
III and IV
this is also when nuclear activity is also seen
true/false most primary brain tumors leave the intracranial comp?
false
brain tumors that occur in the ventricles vs ones that grow INTO the ventricles
in: choroid plexus papilloma, ependymoma
into: pilocytic astrocytoma of cerebellum, medduloblastoma
(note, choroid plexus -
- children: lat ventricles
- adults: 4th ventricles
ependymoma-
- children: 4th ventricles
- adults: sc)
Difference in where the tumor occurs in the ventricles for choroid plexus and ependymoma tumors
(note, choroid plexus -
- children: lat ventricles
- adults: 4th ventricles
ependymoma-
- children: 4th ventricles
- adults: sc)
Rosenthal fibers
Pilocytic astrocytoma
also see piloid astrocytes
Tumor associated with BRAF gene
Pilocytic astrocytoma
- oncogene induced senescense (OIS)
This tumor likes to grow here
- cerebellum
- optic chiasm
- hypothalamic region
Pilocytic astrocytoma
This tumor likes to grow here - #1 temporal lobe - cerebral hem - brain stem cerebellum - spinal cord
Ganglioma
(gangs have tempers
If you had diffuse astrocytoma type class II with IDH 1/2 WT will it behave/eventuate into Glioblastoma?
yes
If you have IDH1/2 Mut = good prognosis
In diffuse astrocytoma, you can have an IDH1 mutation along with which gene?
ATRX and p53
A for A
In oligodendroglioma, you can have an IDH1 mutation along with which gene?
may LOH 19q, 1p
Which tumor has mass locations in a 3:2:2:1 ratio?
Oligodendroglioma
esp if LOH 19q, 1p
Fried egg tumor
oligodendroglioma
Perivascular pseudorosettes
ependymoma
medulloblastomas are homer wright rosettes
Glioblastoma
most common glioma
5th-6th decade
90% are primary GBM - de novo
IDH1 mutations
IDH mutations make tumor cells less viable by increasing their susceptibility to oxidative damage
Powerful predictive outcome
IDH1 (+ for mutation) = better prognosis
IDH1 mutation = found in 80% of grade II and III tumors = good outcomes despite cancer
Small blue cells
medulloblastoma
homer write rosette
Homer wright rosette
medulloblastoma
also small blue cells
Meningiomas
Mostly WHO I
Solitary
Extra axial tumor (does not arise from w/in the substance of the CNS)
5 most common primary sites to metastasize to the CNS
lungs breast melanoma kidney GI tract
